Kajian Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Kompetensi Dasar Mikroorganisme Bidang Kecantikan

ABSTRAKModel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) merupakan cara atau startegi yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran kooperatif dengan metode ceramah, pertanyaan, tanya jawab dan diskusi yang beranggotakan 3 sampai 4 peserta didik. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) membuat peserta didik aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, mempelajari dan memahami suatu materi yang diberikan, serta dalam berkomunikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji/ mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD kompetensi dasar mikroorganisme terkait bidang kecantikan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang membahas tentang penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD kompetensi dasar mikroorganisme terkait bidang kecantikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan buku dan jurnal terkait untuk kemudian dibaca dan dikaji. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) adalah model pembelajaran yang baik untuk diterapkan pada kompetensi dasar mikroorganisme terkait bidang kecantikan. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya teori belajar yang mendukung pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan menjadikan peserta didik lebih mudah dalam mengingat materi yang disampaikan. Kata Kunci: Kooperatif Tipe STAD, Mikroorganisme terkait Bidang Kecantikan ABSTRACTThe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model is a method or strategy used in cooperative learning with lecture, question, answer and question methods consisting of 3 to 4 students. The STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model makes students active in the learning process, learning and understanding a given material, and in communicating. The purpose of this research is to study / describe the application of STAD type cooperative learning models with the basic competencies of microorganisms related to the beauty field. This research is a literature study that discusses the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model of basic competencies related to the field of beauty microorganisms. Data collection is done by collecting related books and journals for later reading and review. The results showed that the application of the STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model was a good learning model to be applied to the basic competencies of microorganisms related to the beauty field. This can be seen from the many learning theories that support STAD type cooperative learning and make it easier for students to remember the material presented. Keywords: Cooperative Type STAD , Microorganism related to Beaut

Kajian Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Kompetensi Dasar Mikroorganisme Bidang Kecantikan

ABSTRAKModel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) merupakan cara atau startegi yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran kooperatif dengan metode ceramah, pertanyaan, tanya jawab dan diskusi yang beranggotakan 3 sampai 4 peserta didik. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) membuat peserta didik aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, mempelajari dan memahami suatu materi yang diberikan, serta dalam berkomunikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji/ mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD kompetensi dasar mikroorganisme terkait bidang kecantikan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang membahas tentang penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD kompetensi dasar mikroorganisme terkait bidang kecantikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan buku dan jurnal terkait untuk kemudian dibaca dan dikaji. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) adalah model pembelajaran yang baik untuk diterapkan pada kompetensi dasar mikroorganisme terkait bidang kecantikan. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya teori belajar yang mendukung pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan menjadikan peserta didik lebih mudah dalam mengingat materi yang disampaikan. Kata Kunci: Kooperatif Tipe STAD, Mikroorganisme terkait Bidang Kecantikan ABSTRACTThe STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model is a method or strategy used in cooperative learning with lecture, question, answer and question methods consisting of 3 to 4 students. The STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model makes students active in the learning process, learning and understanding a given material, and in communicating. The purpose of this research is to study / describe the application of STAD type cooperative learning models with the basic competencies of microorganisms related to the beauty field. This research is a literature study that discusses the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model of basic competencies related to the field of beauty microorganisms. Data collection is done by collecting related books and journals for later reading and review. The results showed that the application of the STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model was a good learning model to be applied to the basic competencies of microorganisms related to the beauty field. This can be seen from the many learning theories that support STAD type cooperative learning and make it easier for students to remember the material presented. Keywords: Cooperative Type STAD , Microorganism related to Beaut

Analisis Terapi Bekam Sebagai Intervensi Masalah Keperawatan Nyeri Akut Pada Keluarga Dengan Tahap Perkembangan Lansia

Introduction: One of the problems that often occurs in families with the developmental stage of the elderly is degenerative diseases such as hypertension. Headache and heaviness in the neck are one of the symptoms of hypertension that make it uncomfortable and one of the non-pharmacological therapies to reduce pain is cupping. Aims: To analyze cupping therapy as an intervention for acute pain nursing problems in families with the developmental stage of the elderly. The research method used is a descriptive method with a case study approach. Results: This study indicates that the problem of acute pain is well resolved where there is a decrease in pain levels after cupping therapy is given. Before being given cupping therapy the pain scale was 4 (moderate) and after cupping therapy the pain scale was 1 (mild). Conclusion: This study is that cupping therapy can reduce the scale of acute pain in the elderly through activated skin receptors, causing an increase in blood circulation and blood supply to the skin and internal organs through nerve connections.Latar belakang salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi pada keluarga dengan tahap perkembangan lansia adalah penyakit degeneratif seperti hipertensi. Nyeri kepala dan rasa berat ditengkuk merupakan salah satu gejala hipertensi yang membuat tidak nyaman dan salah satu terapi nonfarmakologi untuk menurunkan nyeri tersebut adalah dengan bekam. Tujuan menganalisis terapi bekam sebagai intervensi masalah keperawatan nyeri akut pada keluarga dengan tahap perkembangan lansia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masalah nyeri akut teratasi dengan baik dimana ada penurunan tingkat nyeri setelah diberikan terapi bekam. Sebelum diberikan terapi bekam skala nyeri yang dirasakan yaitu 4 (sedang) dan setelah diberikan terapi bekam skala nyeri menjadi 1 (ringan). Kesimpulan bahwa terapi bekam dapat menurunkan skala nyeri akut  pada lansia melalui reseptor kulit yang diaktifkan sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan sirkulasi darah dan suplai darah ke kulit serta organ-organ internal melalui koneksi saraf

Performance comparison of two whole genome amplification techniques in frame of multifactor preimplantation genetic testing

Publisher Copyright: © 2018, The Author(s).Purpose: To compare multiple displacement amplification and OmniPlex whole genome amplification technique performance during array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH), Sanger sequencing, SNaPshot and fragment size analysis downstream applications in frame of multifactor embryo preimplantation genetic testing. Methods: Preclinical workup included linked short tandem repeat (STR) marker selection and primer design for loci of interest. It was followed by a family haplotyping, after which an in vitro fertilization preimplantation genetic testing (IVF-PGT) cycle was carried out. A total of 62 embryos were retrieved from nine couples with a confirmed single gene disorder being transmitted in their family with various inheritance traits—autosomal dominant (genes—ACTA2, HTT, KRT14), autosomal recessive (genes—ALOX12B, TPP1, GLB1) and X-linked (genes—MTM1, DMD). Whole genome amplification (WGA) for the day 5 embryo trophectoderm single biopsies was carried out by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technology OmniPlex and was used for direct (Sanger sequencing, fragment size analysis, SNaPshot) and indirect mutation assessment (STR marker haplotyping), and embryo aneuploidy testing by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). Results: Family haplotyping revealed informative/semi-informative microsatellite markers for all clinical cases for all types of inheritance. Indirect testing gave a persuasive conclusion for all embryos assessed, which was confirmed through direct testing. The overall allele dropout (ADO) rate was higher for PCR-based WGA, and MDA shows a better genomic recovery scale. Five euploid embryos were subjected to elective single embryo transfer (eSET), which resulted in four clinical pregnancies and birth of two healthy children, which proved free of disease causative variants running in the family postnataly. Conclusions: A developed multifactor PGT protocol can be adapted and applied to virtually any genetic condition and is capable of improving single gene disorder preimplantation genetic testing in a patient-tailored manner thus increasing pregnancy rates, saving costs and increasing patient reliability.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Analisis Kompres Air Hangat Sebagai Intervensi Gout Arthritis Dengan Masalah Nyeri Akut Pada Keluarga Lansia

Introduction: Gout arthritis is a metabolic bone disorder caused by the abnormal metabolism of purines characterized by increased levels of uric acid in the blood, causing pain in the local supply. One of the therapies that can be used to reduce the scale of pain in Gout arthritis patients is warm water compresses. Objective: Analyze the effect of warm water compresses on the scale of pain in Gout arthritis patients. Method: Descriptive design with a case study approach. Results showed a difference in the pain scale before and after warm water administration compresses in Gout Arthritis patients. Conclusion: Warm water compresses are effective for lowering the scale of pain in patients with Gout arthritis because they can reduce muscle spasms, stimulate pain, cause vasodilation, and increase blood flow. Blood vessels will dilate so that it improves blood circulation in these tissuesLatar belakang Gout arthritis merupakan kelainan tulang metabolik yang disebabkan oleh metabolisme abnormal purin yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar asam urat dalam darah sehingga menyebabkan nyeri pada persedian lokal. Salah satu terapi yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan skala nyeri pada pasien Gout arthritis yaitu kompres air hangat. Tujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kompres air hangat terhadap skala nyeri pada pasien Gout arthritis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skala nyeri sebelum dan sesudah pemberian kompres air hangat pada pasien Gout arthritis. Kesimpulan bahwa kompres air hangat efektif untuk menurunkan skala nyeri pada pasien dengan Gout arthritis karena dapat mengurangi spasme otot, merangsang nyeri, menyebabkan vasodilatasi dan peningkatan aliran darah. Pembuluh darah akan melebar sehingga memperbaiki peredaran darah dalam jaringan tersebut

The essentials of marine biotechnology.

Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well as tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, and seabed mining). Modern societies and lifestyle resulted in an increased demand for dietary diversity, better health and well-being, new biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, and sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated the interest of researchers on the diverse and underexplored marine environments as promising and sustainable sources of biomolecules and biomass, and they are addressed by the emerging field of marine (blue) biotechnology. Blue biotechnology provides opportunities for a wide range of initiatives of commercial interest for the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, food, feed, agricultural, and related industries. This article synthesizes the essence, opportunities, responsibilities, and challenges encountered in marine biotechnology and outlines the attainment and valorization of directly derived or bio-inspired products from marine organisms. First, the concept of bioeconomy is introduced. Then, the diversity of marine bioresources including an overview of the most prominent marine organisms and their potential for biotechnological uses are described. This is followed by introducing methodologies for exploration of these resources and the main use case scenarios in energy, food and feed, agronomy, bioremediation and climate change, cosmeceuticals, bio-inspired materials, healthcare, and well-being sectors. The key aspects in the fields of legislation and funding are provided, with the emphasis on the importance of communication and stakeholder engagement at all levels of biotechnology development. Finally, vital overarching concepts, such as the quadruple helix and Responsible Research and Innovation principle are highlighted as important to follow within the marine biotechnology field. The authors of this review are collaborating under the European Commission-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Ocean4Biotech – European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology and focus the study on the European state of affairs

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Concordant inter-laboratory derived concentrations of ceramides in human plasma reference materials via authentic standards

In this community effort, we compare measurements between 34 laboratories from 19 countries, utilizing mixtures of labelled authentic synthetic standards, to quantify by mass spectrometry four clinically used ceramide species in the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) human blood plasma Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950, as well as a set of candidate plasma reference materials (RM 8231). Participants either utilized a provided validated method and/or their method of choice. Mean concentration values, and intra- and inter-laboratory coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated using single-point and multi-point calibrations, respectively. These results are the most precise (intra-laboratory CVs ≤ 4.2%) and concordant (inter-laboratory CVs < 14%) community-derived absolute concentration values reported to date for four clinically used ceramides in the commonly analyzed SRM 1950. We demonstrate that calibration using authentic labelled standards dramatically reduces data variability. Furthermore, we show how the use of shared RM can correct systematic quantitative biases and help in harmonizing lipidomics. Collectively, the results from the present study provide a significant knowledge base for translation of lipidomic technologies to future clinical applications that might require the determination of reference intervals (RIs) in various human populations or might need to estimate reference change values (RCV), when analytical variability is a key factor for recall during multiple testing of individuals