Effectiveness of pregnant women's class on the success of exclusive breastfeeding

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life plays a crucial role in infant survival, growth, and development. However, the global rates of EBF remain below the recommended targets. Pregnant women's classes are designed to provide education, support, and skills necessary for successful breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of pregnant women's classes on the success rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only control group was employed. The study involved 120 pregnant women in their third trimester, selected through purposive sampling from two community health centers. The intervention group (n=60) participated in a structured pregnant women's class, while the control group (n=60) received standard antenatal care without additional courses. Data on breastfeeding practices were collected three months postpartum using structured interviews and analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The study found a significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group (78.3%) compared to the control group (53.3%) (p<0.01). Attendance in the pregnant women's class was associated with a 2.9 times higher likelihood of practicing exclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.5–5.6). Key factors contributing to success included increased maternal knowledge, self-efficacy, and support from health educators during antenatal. Conclusions: Participation in pregnant women's classes effectively increases the success rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Integrating structured breastfeeding education into routine antenatal care is recommended to improve maternal practices and promote better infant health outcomes

Level of public knowledge on the principle of DAGUSIBU in antacid drugs at thalhah pharmacy

Introduction: Antacids are commonly used over-the-counter medications for treating gastritis, yet public knowledge regarding their proper use remains limited. The DAGUSIBU (Obtain, Use, Store, Dispose) campaign by the Indonesian Pharmacists Association aims to improve rational drug use among the community. However, initial observation at Thalhah Pharmacy in Makassar revealed a lack of counseling related to DAGUSIBU principles. This study aims to assess the level of public knowledge regarding the DAGUSIBU principles related to antacid use at Thalhah Pharmacy. Method: This was a descriptive study using a survey method. A total of 48 respondents were selected from 90 pharmacy visitors through accidental sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, with results presented in percentage tables and categorized into three levels: good, fair, and poor. Results: Findings show that 73.25% of respondents had good knowledge, 20.82% had fair knowledge, and 5.91% had poor knowledge of DAGUSIBU principles. Knowledge of obtaining antacids was good (77.8%), while use (59%), storage (58%), and disposal (43.7%) scored moderately. Conclusion: The public demonstrates adequate knowledge in obtaining antacids, but further education is needed in the areas of usage, storage, and disposal to support safe and responsible self-medication practice

Exposure to child development information with parental participation in conducting child development checks

Introduction: Parental involvement in monitoring child development is essential to detect early developmental disorders and ensure appropriate interventions. However, many parents have limited knowledge regarding developmental milestones, which hinders their participation in developmental screening activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between exposure to child development information and parental involvement in developmental screening, including the sources of such information among mothers of toddlers. Method: A cross-sectional design involving 57 mothers of children aged 3–72 months was employed. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using univariate statistics to describe parental participation and information sources. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was conducted to assess the association between exposure to developmental information and parental involvement in screening activities. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 36–50 years (54.4%), had completed secondary education (77.2%), and were unemployed (52.6%). Most respondents (57.9%) had been exposed to child development information, predominantly from health workers. Parental participation in screening was higher among mothers who had received developmental information (66.7%) than those who had not (20.8%). The association between information exposure and parental participation was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to developmental information significantly influences parental participation in child development screening. Parental awareness and understanding of developmental milestones are critical in supporting timely health interventions. Therefore, healthcare professionals should implement comprehensive educational efforts through various media to enhance parental engagemen

Analysis of the causes of diabetes mellitus occurrence in the chronic disease management program

Introduction: The Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) is a health service system carried out with a proactive approach whose implementation involves participants, health facilities, and BPJS health for chronic disease sufferers. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Prolanis participants at the Pangkajene Health Center, Sidrap Regency. Research Methodology: The type of research used is cross-sectional study research, which is a study where independent variables/causal factors/physical factors and dependent variables/consequential factors/effect factors are collected at the same time, which was carried out at the Pangkajene Health Center, Sidrap Regency, in the period March-April 2024 with a total of 68 participants. Result: The results of the study showed that the variables of age (Ï=0.031), obesity (Ï=0.002), diet (Ï=0.026), and genetic history (Ï=0.005) had an influence on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Prolanis participants at the Pangkajene Health Center, Sidrap Regency. Conclusion: The age variable is the variable that most influences the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus. There is a need for early detection in people who have a genetic history of diabetes mellitus and increasing community participation in Prolanis activities in order to be able to monitor degenerative disease

Comprehensive management of osteoarthritis and hypertension in an elderly patient: a family medicine case study

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) and hypertension are common chronic degenerative diseases in the elderly, often affecting physical function and quality of life. This case study aimed to assess a holistic management plan for an elderly male patient using the principles of family medicine. Method: This was a descriptive case study involving a 76-year-old male patient presenting with bilateral knee and ankle pain for three years and newly diagnosed hypertension. Data were collected through anamnesis, physical examination, home visits, and family assessments. Interventions included pharmacological treatment and structured non-pharmacological management with educational counseling based on patient-centred and family-focused care. Results: Pharmacological therapy included meloxicam, vitamin B12, and amlodipine. Non-pharmacological strategies focused on lifestyle modification, OA-targeted exercises, and disease education for the patient and family. Post-intervention, the patient reported reduced pain (VAS score reduced from 7 to 2), improved blood pressure (from 159/90 mmHg to 140/83 mmHg), and enhanced disease knowledge (pre-test 60% to post-test 90%). Family support and environmental factors also improved. No adverse effects or complications were observed during the intervention. Conclusion: A comprehensive family medicine approach combining medical therapy and targeted education effectively improved clinical symptoms and patient understanding in managing OA and hypertension in the elderly. These findings highlight the importance of family involvement and continuous health education at the primary care level

Knowledge about menstruation with readiness to face menarche of elementary school students in the era of reproductive health education

Introduction: Adolescence is a crucial period marked by various physical and psychological changes, including menarche, the first menstruation that often elicits mixed emotional responses. Adequate knowledge about menstruation can help mitigate feelings of fear, anxiety, and confusion, enhancing adolescents' readiness to face this natural developmental stage. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the level of menstrual knowledge and the readiness to face menarche among female students. Method: A quantitative research design with an analytical survey and cross-sectional approach was applied. The research was conducted in April 2025 with 40 female students from grades IV to VI, selected via accidental sampling. Data collection used a structured questionnaire, and analysis involved univariate and bivariate statistics using the non-parametric Kendall Tau correlation test. Results: The results showed that 47.5% of respondents had good menstrual knowledge, and 95% were considered ready to face menarche. However, statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.281 with a significance level of 0.045 (α = 0.05), indicating no significant correlation between menstrual knowledge and readiness to face menarche. Conclusion: Despite most respondents demonstrating good knowledge and readiness, no statistically significant correlation was found. This suggests that other factors may influence menarche readiness beyond menstrual knowledge alone. These findings underscore the need for broader support systems in adolescent reproductive health educatio

Determinants of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in stunting

Introduction: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a condition resulting from prolonged malnutrition, particularly insufficient energy and protein intake. This condition significantly increases the risk of maternal and infant mortality, low birth weight (LBW), and contributes to stunting in children. This study aims to identify the determinants influencing the incidence of CED among pregnant women in the stunting. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 201 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling from 30 stunting-prone villages. Data collection involved Android-based questionnaires and anthropometric measurements using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests for bivariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of CED among the participants was 15.9%. Significant factors associated with CED included maternal age (p=0.000; OR=2.79; 95% CI: 1.67–4.64), employment status (p=0.016; OR=6.73; 95% CI: 1.58–27.94), antenatal care visits (p=0.004; OR=11.31; 95% CI: 2.71–28.19), pregnancy spacing (p=0.023; OR=6.80; 95% CI: 1.31–26.8), family smoking history (p=0.002; OR=0.45; 95% CI: 0.27–0.75), and family income (p=0.013; OR=5.24; 95% CI: 1.73–26.02). Conclusion: CED among pregnant women is significantly influenced by age, occupational status, antenatal care frequency, pregnancy interval, family exposure to cigarette smoke, and low household income. Strengthening antenatal care services, promoting family planning, enhancing nutrition education, and mitigating environmental risk factors such as secondhand smoke exposure are essential strategies to reduce CED and its adverse health outcomes

Community Nurses' Strategies for Overcoming Stunting Through a Family Approach

Introduction: Stunting is a public health problem that is still high in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. This condition has a long-term impact on a child's physical growth, cognitive development, and quality of life. Community nurses have an important role to play in stunting prevention and management efforts, particularly through a more holistic and sustainable family-based approach. Research Objectives To identify and analyze the strategies used by community nurses in tackling stunting through a family approach, as well as to understand the challenges faced in implementing these strategies at the community level. Research Methodology: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi fenomenologi. Sebanyak 10 perawat komunitas di wilayah dengan prevalensi stunting tinggi diwawancarai secara mendalam. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan dalam pemilihan partisipan, dan data dianalisis menggunakan metode tematik untuk mengidentifikasi strategi utama yang diterapkan dalam pendekatan keluarga. Result: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perawat komunitas menerapkan beberapa strategi utama, yaitu: (1) edukasi kesehatan kepada keluarga tentang gizi, sanitasi, dan perawatan anak, (2) kunjungan rumah secara berkala untuk pemantauan pertumbuhan dan pembinaan keluarga, (3) kolaborasi dengan kader posyandu dan tokoh masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan program, serta (4) pemberdayaan ibu melalui kelompok pendampingan dan konseling. Perawat juga menekankan pentingnya membangun hubungan kepercayaan dengan keluarga untuk mendorong perubahan perilaku. Kendala yang dihadapi meliputi rendahnya kesadaran keluarga, budaya lokal yang bertentangan dengan praktik sehat, dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Conclusion: Strategi yang dilakukan oleh perawat komunitas melalui pendekatan keluarga terbukti efektif dalam upaya menanggulangi stunting. Pemberdayaan keluarga dan kolaborasi lintas sektor menjadi kunci keberhasilan. Diperlukan dukungan berkelanjutan untuk memperkuat kapasitas perawat komunitas dalam menjalankan peran ini secara optimal

Mother’s level of education and attitude determines the provision of complete basic immunization in infants

Introduction: Immunization is an effort to introduce vaccines into the body to increase a person's immunity to prevent a disease. The impact or risk that occurs due to incomplete immunization is that children are more susceptible to illness, are at more risk of infecting family members or the environments, and the quality and life expectancy decrease. During the research, data was found that 19 out of 35 infants did not receive complete immunization. The purpose of this research was to find out the relationship between the mother’s level of education and attitude towards the provision of complete basic immunization in infants at the Tombatu Community Health Center, Winorangian Satu Village. Methods: Partial analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design with independent variables and dependent variables conducted once at the same time with a sample size of 35 respondents. The analysis method used is Chi square. Result: The mother's education level was higher in the high category (>junior high school) and the mother's attitude with a frequency of 19 respondents (not supporting <50%). The results of the Chi square test showed that there was a relationship between maternal education level and the provision of complete basic immunization in infants at the Tombatu Community Health Center, Winorangian One Village, p-value = 0.00. The results of the Chi square test showed that there was a relationship between maternal attitudes and the provision of complete basic immunization in infants at the Tombatu Community Health Center, Winorangian Village. One p-value = 0.00. Conclusion: From the results of the study was found that there is a relationship between the mother’s level of education and the provision of complete basic immunization to babies at the Tombatu Community Health Center. Winorangian Satu Village and there is a relationship between the mother's attitude and the provision of complete basic immunization in infants at the Tombatu Community Health Center, Winorangian Satu Village

Optimizing the Role of Family Nurses in Improving Community Health A Holistic Approach: Literature Review

Introduction: Community health is an important foundation in improving the quality of life of the community as a whole. Family caregivers are the vanguard in promoting health, preventing disease, and empowering families to be agents of change. A holistic approach focusing on physical, emotional, social, and environmental aspects has optimised community health outcomes. This study aims to analyze a wide range of literature on family nursing interventions with a holistic approach to improving community health. Methods: This study uses a systematic literature review method. The studied articles were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, with a publication range between 2015 and 2025. The keywords include family nursing, community health, holistic approach, and nursing intervention. Selection was made based on inclusion criteria: empirical research articles, a focus on the role of family caregivers, and the application of a holistic approach. A total of 35 selected articles were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach to identify key themes. Results: The study shows that a holistic approach in family nursing practice consistently contributes to improved healthy living behaviours, family-based management of chronic diseases, and increased access to primary health services. Key success factors include strengthening therapeutic relationships between nurses and families, using empathy-based communication, and actively involving families in the health decision-making process. Conclusions: This literature review reinforces the evidence that optimizing the role of family caregivers through a holistic approach can improve community health effectively and sustainably. To support the sustainability of these practices, there is a need for specialized training for family nurses and the integration of family-based strategies in community health policies