STUDIES OF NICKEL BASED CATALYSTS FOR PROPYLENE ADSORPTION AND OLIGOMERIZATION BY TPSR、EPR、XPS AND UV DRS

用 TPSR、 NH3-TPD、 XPS、 EPR和 UV-DRS等手段对担载型镍催化剂上丙烯吸附与齐聚反应的特征进行了系统的考察。结果发现 ,以 Si O2 -Al2 O3、γ-Al2 O3、HZSM-5为载体的镍催化剂上 ,除两类强弱不同的酸中心外 ,还存在第 3类活性中心 ,即配位型镍催化活性中心。催化剂表面 Ni+是丙烯吸附与齐聚反应的活性中心 ,并提出一种新的丙烯齐聚反应机理。The nature of adsorption and oligomerization of propylene on nickel based catalysts was extensively investigated by combining techniques,such as temperature programmed surface reaction(TPSR),temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 TPD),X ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy(XPS),electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),and ultraviolet differential reflection spectroscopy (UV DRS).There are three kinds of active sites existed on the surface of supported nickel catalysts,the strong acid site(720～820 K),the weak acid site(540～580 K)and the third one which in fact is the complex nickel based sites.Further characterizations showed that surface anchored Ni + may be the active sites for the adsorption and oligomerization of propylene and that [Ni(C 3H 6)] +, [Ni(C 3H 6) 2] + and [Ni(P)] + may be the active intermediates of oligomerization of propylene. The possible activation pattern of nickel based catalysts and the mechanism of propylene oligomerization were also postulated.厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放基金!资助课题 ( J95 0 411

伊犁河谷红地球葡萄标准化栽培技术研究及产业化建设

课题根据伊犁河谷红地球葡产区的气候条件，确定了红地球葡萄的定植方式采用小棚架栽植效果好，修剪方式采用“独龙干”和“双龙干”较为适宜，确定了疏花疏果时间及技术，提高了红地球葡萄一级果率，其中鲜食葡萄二次套袋法技术，既可以有效的防止果穗日灼现象的发生，同时又可控制果实颜色，防止果穗的污染；确定了红地球葡萄防止日灼的主要方法是：果穗套袋、增加遮荫面积和采用棚架栽培，抬高结果部位等，采用滴灌方式进行灌溉，既达到了经济用水降低生产成本的目的，规范了红地球葡萄无公害生产整个环节的技术规程，红地球葡萄的七个标准化栽培技术规程在生产过程中的贯彻实施；初步形成了“果农＋基地＋协会＋经销商”产业化模式。 成果类别： 应用技

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials