198 research outputs found
Cementeringens Politik : en kvalitativ textanalys av mediebevakningen av nya politiska partier
Cementeringens Politik Ă€r en studie som med hjĂ€lp av en kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys Ă€mnar nĂ€rma sig mediernas framstĂ€llning av nya politiska partier. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av artiklar publicerade av Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet. Gemensamt för alla artiklar Ă€r att de pĂ„ nĂ„got sĂ€tt har ett innehĂ„ll som kan kopplas till de svenska politiska partierna Piratpartiet (PP) eller Feministiskt Initiativ (FI). Valet av partiet grundar sig i ett avgrĂ€nsat intresse kring hur medier framstĂ€ller nya politiska strömningar. BĂ„de Feministiskt Initiativ och Piratpartiet delar erfarenheten av att nĂ„ framgĂ„ng i Europaparlamentsvalet 2014 respektive 2009, för att sedan misslyckas med samma bedrift i de nĂ€stkommande riksdagsvalen. Sambandet dem emellan skapade det frö som med tiden vĂ€xte fram till det slutliga studieĂ€mnet. Det ska dock poĂ€ngteras att studiens resultat inte bygger pĂ„ en jĂ€mförelse mellan Europaparlamentvalen och Riksdagsvalen, utan snarare Ă€r inriktat kring den mediala bevakningen kring de bĂ„da det förstnĂ€mnda. Syftet med studien Ă€r att undersöka den mediala bevakningen av nytillkomna svenska partier pĂ„ den politiska kartan. Genom att analysera artiklar rörande FI och PP publicerade av tidningarna Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter Ă€r förhoppningen att urskilja möjliga konsekvenser för dessa partiers förutsĂ€ttningar pĂ„ den politiska marknaden. Vidare kommer det analytiska arbetet att mynna ut i en diskussion kring hur dessa möjliga konsekvenser kan ses ur ett demokratiskt perspektiv. Till sin hjĂ€lp bygger studien sĂ„ledes pĂ„ följande frĂ„gestĂ€llningar: Hur framstĂ€lls FI och PP i Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter? Hur kan den mediala bevakningen ge en möjlig förklaring till FI och PP:s med- och motgĂ„ngar? Hur kan resultatet av studien problematiseras utifrĂ„n ett demokratiskt perspektiv? Analysen bygger huvudsakligen pĂ„ en teoretisk treklöver bestĂ„ende av Rosanvallons redogörelse för det motdemokratiska samhĂ€llet, Baumans beskrivning av konsumtionssamhĂ€llet samt ytterligare teorier ring politikens medialisering. Resultatet kom fram till att medierna med hjĂ€lp av polariserande portrĂ€tteringar, av bĂ„de partier och specifika vĂ€ljare, skapar ett politiskt klimat som visar sig fokuserar pĂ„ identiteter och olika tillskrivningar och inte endast partiernas faktiska politiska innehĂ„ll. Analysen redogör ocksĂ„ för hur FI och PP:s politiska innehĂ„ll framstĂ€lls sĂ€rskilja sig frĂ„n det ânormalaâ, vilket sammantaget förtydligar intrycket av att medierna upprĂ€tthĂ„ller redan etablerade förestĂ€llningar snarare Ă€n omfamnar nya politiska röster. Författare: Simon Ăsterling, Institutionen för Kommunikation och Medier, Lunds Universite
Intervention with feedback using Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) in a Swedish psychiatric outpatient population. A randomized controlled trial.
Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) with feedback in a Swedish psychiatric outpatient population using a randomized controlled design. Method: In all 1720 patients made at least one regular visit to the clinics in the period 12 February 2007 to 10 February 2008 and received information about the study. Of these, 374 patients (22%) agreed to participate. After written consent, 188 patients were randomized to the feedback group and 186 patients to the control group. Those constituted the intention-to-treat (ITT) group. Two hundred and sixty-two patients (70%) completed the OQ-45 questionnaire at least twice, and they were included in the per-protocol analysis. Those who improved less than expected and were at risk for treatment failure were called alerted patients. Results: There was a tendency that patients who received feedback improved more than the controls in OQ-45 total score. In the ITT analysis, the P-value was 0.061 and the effect size g = 0.21. In the per-protocol analysis the P-value was 0.076 and the effect size g = 0.24. In the intervention group, 27% of the patients were alerted because of risk of treatment failure vs. 28% in the control group (reaching level of alertness). The OQ-45 differences between the intervention and control groups did not significantly differ for patients who were alerted/reaching level of alertness and for non-alerted patients (g = 0.17 and g = 0.28, respectively). Conclusions: The feedback group had a tendency to improve more than the control group, possibly indicating that the method is effective, and the result (basically) supports previous findings
Development of release methods for critically endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera)
Population-level variation in senescence suggests an important role for temperature in an endangered mollusc
Age-related declines in survival and function (senescence) were thought not to exist in wild populations as organisms, and particularly in invertebrates, do not live long enough. While, recent evidence has demonstrated that senescence is both common and measurable even in wild populations under field conditions, there are still organisms that are thought to exhibit ânegligible senescenceâ. We explore variation in rates and patterns of senescence in the biogerontological model organism Margaritifera margaritifera across five populations, which differ in their age profile. In particular, we tested the theory of negligible senescence using time-at-death records for 1091 specimens of M. margaritifera. There is clear evidence of senescence in all populations, as indicated by an increase in mortality with age, but the nature of the relationship varies subtly between populations. We find strong evidence of a mortality plateau at later ages in some populations but this is unequivocally absent from others. We then demonstrate that the temporal scaling of the rates of senescence between five populations of M. margaritifera can be explained by the variation in the thermal environment of the population. Hence climate change may pose a threat to the demography of this long-lived, endangered species, and a greater understanding of the relationship between river temperature and population structure will be essential to secure the species against global temperature increases. Our findings demonstrate that useful insights can be drawn from a non-invasive monitoring method to derive demographic data, and we suggest a wide-scale application of this method to monitor populations across the whole latitudinal (and, hence, thermal) range of the species
Duration of the parasitic phase determines subsequent performance in juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera)
Hostâparasite systems have been useful in understanding coevolutionary patterns in sympatric species. Based on the exceptional interaction of the longâlived and highly hostâspecific freshwater pearl mussel (FPM; Margaritifera margaritifera) with its much shorterâlived host fish (Salmo trutta or Salmo salar), we tested the hypotheses that a longer duration of the parasitic phase increases fitnessârelated performance of mussels in their subsequent post parasitic phase, and that temperature is the main factor governing the duration of the parasitic phase. We collected juvenile mussels from naturally and artificially infested fish from eight rivers in Norway. Excysted juvenile mussels were maintained separately for each collection day, under similar temperature and food regimes, for up to 56 days. We recorded size at excystment, post excystment growth, and survival as indicators of juvenile fitness in relation to the duration of the parasitic phase. We also recorded the daily average temperatures for the entire excystment period. We observed strong positive relationships between the length of the parasitic phase and the post parasitic growth rate, size at excystment and post parasitic survival. Temperature was identified as an important factor governing excystment, with higher temperatures decreasing the duration of the parasitic phase. Our results indicate that juvenile mussels with the longest parasitic phase have better resources (larger size and better growth rate) to start their benthic developmental phase and therefore to survive their first winter. Consequently, the parasitic phase is crucial in determining subsequent survival. The temperature dependence of this interaction suggests that climate change may affect the sensitive relationship between endangered FPMs and their fish hosts.publishedVersio
Local and landscape drivers of aquatic-to-terrestrial subsidies in riparian ecosystems:a worldwide meta-analysis
Parasitic freshwater pearl mussel larvae (Margaritifera margaritifera L.) reduce the drift-feeding rate of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
The crown pearl: a draft genome assembly of the European freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Since historical times, the inherent human fascination with pearls turned the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) into a highly valuable cultural and economic resource. Although pearl harvesting in M. margaritifera is nowadays residual, other human threats have aggravated the species conservation status, especially in Europe. This mussel presents a myriad of rare biological features, e.g. high longevity coupled with low senescence and Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known. Here, the first draft genome assembly of M. margaritifera was produced using a combination of Illumina Paired-end and Mate-pair approaches. The genome assembly was 2.4 Gb long, possessing 105,185 scaffolds and a scaffold N50 length of 288,726 bp. The ab initio gene prediction allowed the identification of 35,119 protein-coding genes. This genome represents an essential resource for studying this species' unique biological and evolutionary features and ultimately will help to develop new tools to promote its conservation.A.G.-d.-S. was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology (FCT) under the grants SFRH/BD/137935/2018, EF (CEECIND/00627/2017) and MLL (2020.03608.CEECIND). This research was developed
under ConBiomics: the missing approach for the Conservation of freshwater Bivalves Project No. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER- 030286, co-financed
by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through
the ERDF, and by FCT through national funds. Additional strategic funding
was provided by FCT UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020. Authorsâ interaction
and writing of the article was promoted and facilitated by the COST
Action CA18239: CONFREMUâConservation of freshwater mussels: a pan-
European approach.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fish and mussels: importance of fish for freshwater mussel conservation
Co-extinctions are increasingly recognized as one of the major processes leading to
the global biodiversity crisis, but there is still limited scientific evidence on the magnitude of potential impacts and causal mechanisms responsible for the decline of affiliate (dependent) species. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida), one of the most
threatened faunal groups on Earth, need to pass through a parasitic larval (glochidia)
phase using fishes as hosts to complete their life cycle. Here, we provide a synthesis
of published evidence on the fishâmussel relationship to explore possible patterns in
co-extinction risk and discuss the main threats affecting this interaction. We retrieved
205 publications until December 2015, most of which were performed in North
America, completed under laboratory conditions and were aimed at characterizing the
life cycle and/or determining the suitable fish hosts for freshwater mussels. Mussel
species were reported to infest between one and 53 fish species, with some fish families (e.g., Cyprinidae and Percidae) being used more often as hosts than others. No
relationship was found between the breadth of host use and the extinction risk of
freshwater mussels. Very few studies focused on threats affecting the fishâmussel
relationship, a knowledge gap that may impair the application of future conservation
measures. Here, we identify a variety of threats that may negatively affect fish species,
document and discuss the concomitant impacts on freshwater mussels, and suggest
directions for future studies.The Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyâFCT through POPH/FSE funds supported VM, MI and MLL under grants (SFRH/BD/108298/2015), (SFRH/BPD/90088/2012), (SFRH/BD/115728/2016), respectively. KD acknowledges the support from the Czech Science Foundation (13-05872S). RS acknowledges the support of the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-
FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P. and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI). This study was conducted as part of the project FRESHCO: Multiple implications of invasive species on Freshwater Mussel co-extinction processes,
supported by FCT (contract: PTDC/AGRFOR/1627/2014)
The role of anthropogenic habitats in freshwater mussel conservation
Anthropogenic freshwater habitats may provide undervalued prospects for long-term conservation as part of species conservation planning. This fundamental, but overlooked, issue requires attention considering the pace that humans have been altering natural freshwater ecosystems and the accelerated levels of biodiversity decline in recent decades. We compiled 709 records of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) inhabiting a broad variety of anthropogenic habitat types (from small ponds to large reservoirs and canals) and reviewed their importance as refuges for this faunal group. Most records came from Europe and North America, with a clear dominance of canals and reservoirs. The dataset covered 228 species, including 34 threatened species on the IUCN Red List. We discuss the conservation importance and provide guidance on how these anthropogenic habitats could be managed to provide optimal conservation value to freshwater mussels. This review also shows that some of these habitats may function as ecological traps owing to conflicting management practices or because they act as a sink for some populations. Therefore, anthropogenic habitats should not be seen as a panacea to resolve conservation problems. More information is necessary to better understand the trade-offs between human use and the conservation of freshwater mussels (and other biota) within anthropogenic habitats, given the low number of quantitative studies and the strong biogeographic knowledge bias that persists.This publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18239,
supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and
Technology). A.M.L. was financed by the Institute of Environmental
Sciences Jagiellonian University (N18/DBS/000003) and K.N.
by the AragĂłn Government. The authors acknowledge JarosĆaw
Andrzejewski, Bartosz Czader, Anna Fica, Marcin Horbacz,
Tomasz Jonderko, Steinar KÄlÄs, Tomasz Kapela, BjÞrn Mejdell
Larsen, Maciej Pabijan, Katarzyna Pawlik, Ilona PopĆawska, Joanna
Przybylska, Tomasz PrzybyĆ, Mateusz Rybak, Kjell Sandaas, JarosĆaw
SĆowikowski, Tomasz Szczasny, MichaĆ Zawadzki and PaweĆ Zowada
for providing detailed information on specific examples concerning
freshwater mussels in anthropogenic habitats. We thank the editor
and two anonymous referees for the valuable suggestions made,
which increased the clarity of our manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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