La resolución de problemas con scratch, una alternativa para el fortalecimiento de las competencias matemáticas en estudiantes de grados 4° y 5°

La presente propuesta de investigación se desarrolla en los contextos de las I.E Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento y Técnico agropecuaria Cerrito de la Palma, en las cuales, como docentes, vimos con preocupación las dificultades de los estudiantes a la hora responder a situaciones problemas de la cotidianidad planteadas en contextos matemáticos; en este sentido el principal objetivo que se persiguió fue contribuir al fortalecimiento de la competencia de resolución de problemas en estudiantes de los grados 4° y 5° mediante el uso de la herramienta digital Scratch, entendiendo que las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación son un una herramienta poco explorada en muchos casos, pero que han demostrado ser pertinentes en contextos educativos, específicamente cuando se las vincula a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Para ello se trabajó con una metodología de investigación acción pedagógica, enmarcada en el enfoque de investigación cualitativo, de manera que, mediante un proceso de varias fases, se lograron identificar los elementos asociados a las dificultades de los estudiantes a la hora de resolver situaciones problema; desarrollar actividades de acercamiento y reconocimiento de la herramienta digital Scratch e implementar con los estudiantes estrategias mediadas por dicha herramienta para resolver problemas matemáticos, lo que redundó en una mejora en la resolución de problemas en las etapas de comprensión, concepción de un plan, ejecución del plan y visión retrospectiva; así como en un proceso de resignificación de las matemáticas hacia la solución de situaciones problema cotidianas.MaestríaMagister en Educación Mediada por TI

Factores asociados con Lesiones Neoplásicas del Tracto Genital Inferior Femenino en adolescentes del Departamento de Caldas.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio epidemiológico analítico-descriptivo, cuyos objetos fueron: conocer y determinar cómo se asocian factores biológicos y psicosociales con la presencia de lesiones neoplásicas del tracto genital inferior femenino en una población adolescente del departamento de Caldas, lo cual se relacionó, por un lado, con el análisis de la distribución y frecuencia de la población estudiada en cuanto a sexualidad, reproducción, factores culturales y factores psicosociales, y por otro, con la interacción de factores de riesgo en la aparición de dichas lesiones. Se tomó una muestra de 269 mujeres, seleccionadas después de su participación en jornadas educativas respecto a cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama. A este grupo se le aplico una encuesta estructurada, diseñada para tal fin, la cual se diligencio directamente por los investigadores, previo consentimiento informado. A cada informante se le realizo citología y colposcopia, con un manejo estrictamente confidencial de la información. Los datos se analizaron retomando su distribución y frecuencia por categorías de variable, con lo cual se buscó determinar la asociación de los factores con la presencia o no de lesiones neoplásicas al contrastarlos con los resultados de citología y colposcopia.This article presents the results of an epidemiologic analytical-descriptive study whose objectives were to examine and determine how biological and psychosocial factors are associated to the presence of neoplastic lesions of the lower female genital tract in a teenage population in the department of Caldas. The study analyzed the distribution and frequency of the studied population in terms of sexuality, reproduction, cultural and psychosocial factors, and secondly, the interaction of risk factors in the occurrence of risk factors in the occurrence of such injury. A sample of 269 women, selected after their involvement in educational sessions related to cervical cancer and breast cancer, was interviewed by means of a structured survey, which was filled-out directly  by the researchers, with prior consent from the women. A cervical smear and a colposcopy were performed on each patient, confidentially handling the information. The data was analyzed taking into consideration the distribution and frequency of the variable categories, looking to determine the association of factors with the presence or absence of neoplastic  lesions, when contrasted with the cervical smear and colposcopy results.Em este artigo apresentam se os resultados duma pesquisa epidemiológica analítico-descritivo, cujos objetivos foram: conhecer e determinar como associam se fatores biológicos y psicossociais com a presença de lesões neoplásticas do conduto genital inferior feminino numa povoação adolescentes do Departamento de Caldas, o qual se relacionou, por um lado, com a análise da distribuição  adolescentes do Departamento de Caldas, o qual se relacionou, por um lado, com análise da distribuição e frequência da povoação estudada em quanto a sexualidade, reprodução, fatores culturais e fatores psicossociais, e por outro lado, com a interação de fatores de risco na aparição de ditas lesões. Tomou se uma amostra de 269 mulheres, selecionadas depois de sua participação em jornadas educativas respeito ao câncer de colo uterino e mama. A este grupo aplicou se uma enquete estruturada, desenhada tal fim, a qual diligenciou se diretamente por os pesquisadores, prévio consentimento informado. A cada informante realizou se citologia e colposcopia, com um manejo estritamente confidencial da informação. Os dados realizaram se retomando sua distribuição e frequência por categorias de variável, com o qual se procurou determinar a associação dos fatores com a presença ou não de lesões neoplásicas ao contrastarlos com os resultados de citologias e colposcopias.En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio epidemiológico analítico-descriptivo, cuyos objetos fueron: conocer y determinar cómo se asocian factores biológicos y psicosociales con la presencia de lesiones neoplásicas del tracto genital inferior femenino en una población adolescente del departamento de Caldas, lo cual se relacionó, por un lado, con el análisis de la distribución y frecuencia de la población estudiada en cuanto a sexualidad, reproducción, factores culturales y factores psicosociales, y por otro, con la interacción de factores de riesgo en la aparición de dichas lesiones. Se tomó una muestra de 269 mujeres, seleccionadas después de su participación en jornadas educativas respecto a cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama. A este grupo se le aplico una encuesta estructurada, diseñada para tal fin, la cual se diligencio directamente por los investigadores, previo consentimiento informado. A cada informante se le realizo citología y colposcopia, con un manejo estrictamente confidencial de la información. Los datos se analizaron retomando su distribución y frecuencia por categorías de variable, con lo cual se buscó determinar la asociación de los factores con la presencia o no de lesiones neoplásicas al contrastarlos con los resultados de citología y colposcopia.This article presents the results of an epidemiologic analytical-descriptive study whose objectives were to examine and determine how biological and psychosocial factors are associated to the presence of neoplastic lesions of the lower female genital tract in a teenage population in the department of Caldas. The study analyzed the distribution and frequency of the studied population in terms of sexuality, reproduction, cultural and psychosocial factors, and secondly, the interaction of risk factors in the occurrence of risk factors in the occurrence of such injury. A sample of 269 women, selected after their involvement in educational sessions related to cervical cancer and breast cancer, was interviewed by means of a structured survey, which was filled-out directly  by the researchers, with prior consent from the women. A cervical smear and a colposcopy were performed on each patient, confidentially handling the information. The data was analyzed taking into consideration the distribution and frequency of the variable categories, looking to determine the association of factors with the presence or absence of neoplastic  lesions, when contrasted with the cervical smear and colposcopy results.Em este artigo apresentam se os resultados duma pesquisa epidemiológica analítico-descritivo, cujos objetivos foram: conhecer e determinar como associam se fatores biológicos y psicossociais com a presença de lesões neoplásticas do conduto genital inferior feminino numa povoação adolescentes do Departamento de Caldas, o qual se relacionou, por um lado, com a análise da distribuição  adolescentes do Departamento de Caldas, o qual se relacionou, por um lado, com análise da distribuição e frequência da povoação estudada em quanto a sexualidade, reprodução, fatores culturais e fatores psicossociais, e por outro lado, com a interação de fatores de risco na aparição de ditas lesões. Tomou se uma amostra de 269 mulheres, selecionadas depois de sua participação em jornadas educativas respeito ao câncer de colo uterino e mama. A este grupo aplicou se uma enquete estruturada, desenhada tal fim, a qual diligenciou se diretamente por os pesquisadores, prévio consentimento informado. A cada informante realizou se citologia e colposcopia, com um manejo estritamente confidencial da informação. Os dados realizaram se retomando sua distribuição e frequência por categorias de variável, com o qual se procurou determinar a associação dos fatores com a presença ou não de lesões neoplásicas ao contrastarlos com os resultados de citologias e colposcopias

Los Batanes: A trap for the Pyrenean wild goat during the Late Pleistocene (Spain)

Los Batanes cave (1025 m.a.s.l.) is a karstic system formed by pressure ducts, near the locality of Biescas in the Upper Gallego Valley (Huesca, Spain). Many fossil remains were retrieved from the cave sediments. The minimum sediment calendar age was determined to be 12.770 ± 60 BP. This date indicates that the deposit was formed before the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene transition at the Pyrenees. Here we analyze the faunal assemblage of the site that is only conformed by remains of Pyrenean wild goat (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica), which is a recently extinct subspecies of Iberian wild goat (C. pyrenaica). In the site, 1079 remains of Iberian wild goat have been recovered being one of the most numerous both in minimum number of individuals (MNI) and number of identified specimens (NISP) recovered until now in a natural trap in the Spanish Pyrenees. The population of Los Batanes shows a wide range of ages between juvenile and senile individuals and the MNI estimated from the number of right metatarsus is nine. The taphonomic features indicate that the cave acted as a trap for the goats which inhabited the vicinity of the cave. These goats probably stumbled and fell to the bottom of the pit and they could not get out, dying inside. Due to the origin of the accumulation numerous complete bones have been recovered. These fossil allow us to perform a biometric analysis that indicates that population of Los Batanes is in the range size of other goats from Late Pleistocene of Iberian Peninsula

Women in (Dis)placement: The Field of Studies on Migrations, Social Remittances, Care and Gender in Chile

This article presents current perspectives on the gender approach to the study of migration in Chile between 1990 and 2018, contextualizing it in light of international debates in the social sciences. We will discuss how the feminization and the growth of Latin American migrations have given rise to a prolific field of research, as exemplified by studies conducted in central and northern Chile. We will show how the concepts of social remittances and caregiving permeate the Chilean debate on migrant women. We conclude with reflections on topics and perspectives to be incorporated into the Chilean research agenda on gender and migration.Se presenta un estado del arte sobre el enfoque de género en los estudios de la migración en Chile entre 1990 y 2018, contextualizándolo a la luz de debates internacionales de las ciencias sociales. Abordaremos cómo la feminización y el incremento de las migraciones latinoamericanas inauguran un prolijo campo de investigaciones, articulado a través de estudios desarrollados en el centro y en el norte de Chile. Señalaremos cómo los conceptos de remesas sociales y cuidados permean el debate chileno sobre las mujeres migrantes. Finalizamos con reflexiones sobre temas y perspectivas a ser incorporados en la agenda chilena de investigaciones sobre género y migración.The authors would like to thank the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) for funding the study that led to this article through Fondecyt Regular Project number 1160683: “Ser Mujer Mayor en Santiago. Organización social de los cuidados, feminización del envejecimiento y desigualdades acumuladas” (“Being an older woman in Santiago. Social organization of care, feminization of ageing and accumulated inequalities”), led by Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo and Fondecyt Regular Project number 1190056: “The Boundaries of Gender Violence: Migrant Women’s Experiences in South American Border Territories” led by Menara Lube Guizardi

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Evaluación del perfil competencial del estudiantado UCM por nivel de iniciativa emprendedora y género. Validación del Modelo Entrecomp de competencias emprendedoras

Examinar la relación entre las competencias emprendedoras propuestas por el Marco Europeo de Competencias Emprendedoras (Entrecomp) y el nivel de intención emprendedora. Se consideran las siguientes variables: sexo, estudios que realiza, si compagina trabajo y estudio, y Universidad en la que estudia

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso