Responsible shrimp culture through ecological approach

Abstract only.Aquaculture is the fastest food-producing sector. It is the farming of aquatic organisms, like crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants. Culture of aquatic organisms, particularly shrimps, is usually done in earthen ponds with some intervention in the rearing process to enhance production. Some of these processes to increase production are pond preparation, regular stocking, feeding, and the use of probiotics and other chemicals to improve soil, water quality, shrimp growth and immunity against diseases. The long range effect of the use of probiotics and other chemicals on the environment and on shrimps is unknown. Despite the various inputs, diseases continue to plague the industry, which could be due to the deteriorating environmental conditions that cause stress in shrimps thus making them susceptible to infection. Furthermore, chemicals and nutrients from aquaculture may affect biodiversity of the receiving environment. Responsible aquaculture is a sustainable development approach that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. There should be a good balance between satisfying human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resources. Human health or food safety as well as economic efficiency and/or livelihood opportunities should be taken into consideration. Responsible shrimp culture through ecological approaches to improve environmental conditions is herewith described. Ecological approaches recognize the interactions between an aquaculture farm and the external environment, including environmental resources and local communities. Ecological approaches to improve environmental conditions identified from cross sectional, longitudinal and tank studies may be classified into culture systems and phases of pond production: pond preparation and rearing. Two culture systems are identified to improve water quality: 1) the use of the greenwater system, and 2) the presence of mangrove in the receiving environment. Among the pond preparation practices, sludge removal, crack drying of pond, and liming were identified. Toxic substances as well as organic matter, which provide nutrients necessary for the growth of microorganisms, are removed during sludge removal and crack drying of the pond sediment. Liming to pH 11 kills most harmful microorganisms including the white spot syndrome virus; it also kills unwanted species in the shrimp pond like fish and crabs. During the rearing phase, abundant supply of natural food, low stocking density, less input, addition of fermented Avicennia alba leaves, use of molasses and rest periods are some of the important farming practices that reduce risk of disease occurrence. Other reported practices are crop rotation, biofloc technology, aquaponics, and integrated multi trophic aquaculture

Tendencia contra tendencia

Peer Reviewe

Estimación de la tendencia futura de la población de estudidantes de licenciatura en FIME

El presente trabajo representa los resultados para una propuesta de estimación de las tendencias futuras de la población de estudiantes inscritos en la licenciatura en la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME) de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se consideró la información cuantitativa considerando los datos históricos de los estudiantes inscritos por Programa Educativo en los siguientes semestres: Enero-Junio (Primavera) y Agosto-Diciembre (Otoño) de los años 2012, 2013, 2014 y 2015. Con esta información se estiman las tendencias de crecimiento proyectadas para los Semestres Primavera y Agosto-Diciembre de los años: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 y 2021. El objetivo de este pronóstico es reducir la incertidumbre acerca de la demanda de estudiantes para inscribirse en las carreras que ofrece la FIME en los próximos años, proporcionando información cercana a la realidad que permita tomar mejores decisiones

Tendencia de tendencias

Tendencia de Tendencia

The relation between farming practices, ecosystem, and white spot in syndrome virus (WSSV) disease outbreaks in penaeus monodon farms in the Philippines

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) affecting shrimp aquaculture in most producing countries has caused huge economic losses resulting in bankruptcy to both large and small farmers. Studies done on WSSV epidemiology were mostly tank-based and on species other than Penaeus monodon. There is a need to investigate WSSV epidemiology in P. monodon in on-farm situations, thus including both risk and protective factors. This thesis aimed to generate knowledge that can improve prevention against WSSV in shrimp culture through better farm husbandry by studying the epidemiology of WSSV in on-farm situations. To achieve this goal data from cross-sectional and case studies were analysed to identify on-farm WSSV risk and protective factors, and longitudinal studies were done to assess factors affecting water quality and causing WSSV infection to result in an outbreak. The thesis identified the following WSSV risk factors related to the physico-chemical parameters of the water: low and fluctuating temperature, low and fluctuating salinity, and pH fluctuation. The risk of high temperature and high salinity for an outbreak of WSV disease may be related to fluctuations in these two parameters. Risk factors related to farm husbandry techniques were feeding with molluscs, sludge removal and its deposition on the dike, sharing water source with other farms and having the same receiving and intake water. Identified WSSV protective factors were high mangrove to pond area ratio, feeding with natural food or phytoplankton, and higher percentage of beneficial bacteria like the yellow colonies that grow on thiosulphate citrate bilesalt sucrose agar, a Vibrio selective medium. Results of the longitudinal studies demonstrated that WSSV infection may not result in outbreaks in greenwater pond and in ponds with mangroves in the receiving environment. Our results did not provide explanations why the WSSV infection did not result in an outbreak in farms with mangroves in the receiving environment. In greenwater ponds, this was attributed to the better water and soil quality, higher plankton count, and higher heterotrophic bacterial count.</p

Tendencia futura de la población de estudiantes de licenciatura en FIME.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de investigación sobre la tendencia proyectada del crecimiento de la población estudiantil, clasificada por Programa Educativo de licenciatura en la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME) de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) al año 2015. Para el desarrollo del estudio se consideró la evolución histórica de las matrículas en los años 2010, 2011 y 2012. Para la estimación de las tendencias futuras se desarrolló un programa computacional en lenguaje C utilizando el Modelo Estadístico de Regresión Lineal. Los resultados de la investigación indican la proyección en la población de estudiantes en la FIME por Programa Educativo de licenciatura en los próximos años. Se ilustran los resultados en tablas y gráficas con los datos históricos considerados y las tendencias obtenidas

Phage Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy: Low Environmental Impact Approaches to Inactivate Microorganisms in Fish Farming Plants

Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy

El Cloud Computing: una nueva tendencia

El presente artículo describe una tendencia de gestión corporativa de la información y las comunicaciones en las organizaciones: el cloud computing, los beneficios que éste genera, las consideraciones críticas a considerar, así como los modelos de servicios ofrecidos

Marketing experiencial, una tendencia en auge

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es analizar en profundidad el marketing experiencial como la nueva tendencia en auge. Para ello primero investigaremos y examinaremos el marketing tradicional, su evolución, porque fue necesario y las diferencias entre ambos. Además, se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica de diferentes autores expertos en el ámbito que estarán presentes a lo largo de todo el trabajo. No solo se trata de una exposición de los conceptos relacionados con el campo de estudio, también se desea abarcar las múltiples facetas en las que se puede materializar el marketing experiencial y su aplicación. Se toman como referencia y se analizan diversos casos en los que ya se ha utilizado esta herramienta de comunicación.También se analiza al nuevo consumidor y sus características, y por último, se mencionan otras estrategias similares al marketing experiencial, nuevas tendencias y su éxito actualmenteDepartamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública