Integrable discrete autonomous quad-equations admitting, as generalized symmetries, known five-point differential-difference equations

In this paper we construct the autonomous quad-equations which admit as symmetries the five-point differential-difference equations belonging to known lists found by Garifullin, Yamilov and Levi. The obtained equations are classified up to autonomous point transformations and some simple non-autonomous transformations. We discuss our results in the framework of the known literature. There are among them a few new examples of both sine-Gordon and Liouville type equations.Comment: 27 page

Darboux integrability of trapezoidal H4H^{4} and H6H^{6} families of lattice equations I: First integrals

In this paper we prove that the trapezoidal $H^{4}$ and the $H^{6}$ families of quad-equations are Darboux integrable systems. This result sheds light on the fact that such equations are linearizable as it was proved using the Algebraic Entropy test [G. Gubbiotti, C. Scimiterna and D. Levi, Algebraic entropy, symmetries and linearization for quad equations consistent on the cube, \emph{J. Nonlinear Math. Phys.}, 23(4):507543, 2016]. We conclude with some suggestions on how first integrals can be used to obtain general solutions.Comment: 34 page

Complexity and integrability in 4D bi-rational maps with two invariants

In this letter we give fourth-order autonomous recurrence relations with two invariants, whose degree growth is cubic or exponential. These examples contradict the common belief that maps with sufficiently many invariants can have at most quadratic growth. Cubic growth may reflect the existence of non-elliptic fibrations of invariants, whereas we conjecture that the exponentially growing cases lack the necessary conditions for the applicability of the discrete Liouville theorem.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure

A multiple scales approach to maximal superintegrability

In this paper we present a simple, algorithmic test to establish if a Hamiltonian system is maximally superintegrable or not. This test is based on a very simple corollary of a theorem due to Nekhoroshev and on a perturbative technique called multiple scales method. If the outcome is positive, this test can be used to suggest maximal superintegrability, whereas when the outcome is negative it can be used to disprove it. This method can be regarded as a finite dimensional analog of the multiple scales method as a way to produce soliton equations. We use this technique to show that the real counterpart of a mechanical system found by Jules Drach in 1935 is, in general, not maximally superintegrable. We give some hints on how this approach could be applied to classify maximally superintegrable systems by presenting a direct proof of the well-known Bertrand's theorem.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figur

Production of pions, kaons and protons in pp collisions at s=900\sqrt{s}=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The production of $\pi^+$, $\pi^-$, $K^+$, $K^-$, p, and pbar at mid-rapidity has been measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$ GeV with the ALICE detector. Particle identification is performed using the specific energy loss in the inner tracking silicon detector and the time projection chamber. In addition, time-of-flight information is used to identify hadrons at higher momenta. Finally, the distinctive kink topology of the weak decay of charged kaons is used for an alternative measurement of the kaon transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) spectra. Since these various particle identification tools give the best separation capabilities over different momentum ranges, the results are combined to extract spectra from $p_{\rm T}$ = 100 MeV/$c$ to 2.5 GeV/$c$. The measured spectra are further compared with QCD-inspired models which yield a poor description. The total yields and the mean $p_{\rm T}$ are compared with previous measurements, and the trends as a function of collision energy are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 18 captioned figures, 5 tables, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/388

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays B_{s}^{0}→e^{±}μ^{∓} and B^{0}→e^{±}μ^{∓}

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays B0s→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb−1 of pp collisions at s√=7  TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of B0s→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(B0s→e±μ∓)<1.1(1.4)×10−8 and B(B0→e±μ∓)<2.8(3.7)×10−9 at 90% (95%) confidence level (C.L.). These limits are a factor of 20 lower than those set by previous experiments. Lower bounds on the Pati-Salam leptoquark masses are also calculated, MLQ(B0s→e±μ∓)>101  TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126  TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds

Assessment of the control measures of the category A diseases of Animal Health Law: Classical Swine Fever

EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of some of the control measures against diseases included in the Category A list according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases (‘Animal Health Law’). This opinion belongs to a series of opinions where these control measures will be assessed, with this opinion covering the assessment of control measures for Classical swine fever (CSF). In this opinion, EFSA and the AHAW Panel of experts review the effectiveness of: (i) clinical and laboratory sampling procedures, (ii) monitoring period and (iii) the minimum radii of the protection and surveillance zones, and the minimum length of time the measures should be applied in these zones. The general methodology used for this series of opinions has been published elsewhere; nonetheless, details of the model used for answering these questions are presented in this opinion as well as the transmission kernels used for the assessment of the minimum radius of the protection and surveillance zones. Several scenarios for which these control measures had to be assessed were designed and agreed prior to the start of the assessment. Here, several recommendations are given on how to increase the effectiveness of some of the sampling procedures. Based on the average length of the period between virus introduction and the reporting of a CSF suspicion, the monitoring period was assessed as non-effective. In a similar way, it was recommended that the length of the measures in the protection and surveillance zones were increased from 15 to 25 days in the protection zone and from 30 to 40 days in the surveillance zone. Finally, the analysis of existing Kernels for CSF suggested that the radius of the protection and the surveillance zones comprise 99% of the infections from an affected establishment if transmission occurred. Recommendations provided for each of the scenarios assessed aim to support the European Commission in the drafting of further pieces of legislation, as well as for plausible ad hoc requests in relation to CSF

Transient expression of reck under hepatic ischemia/reperfusion conditions is associated with mapk signaling pathways

In this study, we demonstrated the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of reperfusion on I/R-related changes in RECK, an MMP modulator, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathways (ERK, p38, and JNK). Male Wistar rats were either subjected to 60 min partial-hepatic ischemia or sham-operated. After a 60 min or 120 min reperfusion, liver samples were collected for analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by zymography and RECK, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 content, MAPKs activation (ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38), as well as iNOS and eNOS by Western blot. Serum enzymes AST, ALT, and alkaline-phosphatase were quantified. A transitory decrease in hepatic RECK and TIMPs was associated with a transitory increase in both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and a robust activation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 were detected at 60 min reperfusion. Hepatic expression of iNOS was maximally upregulated at 120 min reperfusion. An increase in eNOS was detected at 120 min reperfusion. I/R evoked significant hepatic injury in a time-dependent manner. These findings provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of reperfusion in inducing hepatic injury: a transitory decrease in RECK and TIMPs and increases in both MAPK and MMP activity suggest their role as triggering factors of the organ dysfunction

Measurement of the flavour-specific CP-violating asymmetry as sl in B0s decays

The CP  -violating asymmetry is studied using semileptonic decays of and mesons produced in pp   collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, exploiting a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. The reconstructed final states are , with the particle decaying in the ϕπ± mode. The yields are summed over and initial states, and integrated with respect to decay time. Data-driven methods are used to measure efficiency ratios. We obtain , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic

Formation mechanisms and phase stability of solid-state grown cspbi3 perovskites

CsPbI3 inorganic perovskite is synthesized by a solvent-free, solid-state reaction, and its structural and optical properties can be deeply investigated using a multi-technique approach. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman measurements, optical absorption, steady-time and time-resolved luminescence, as well as High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) imaging, were exploited to understand phase evolution as a function of synthesis time length. Nanoparticles with multiple, well-defined crystalline domains of different crystalline phases were observed, usually surrounded by a thin, amorphous/out-of-axis shell. By increasing the synthesis time length, in addition to the pure α phase, which was rapidly converted into the δ phase at room temperature, a secondary phase, Cs4PbI6, was observed, together with the 715 nm-emitting γ phase