CLASIFICACIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES Y SU IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA DEL RÍO LA VILLA

Anthropogenic solid waste was classified and quantified at the Los Olivos spa points and La Villa River Bridge. The checklist technique was used to classify and quantify waste in the study area. Sampling was carried out every fifteen days for a period of four months during the 2023 dry season. In addition, the sanitary quality of the water of the La Villa River in the two study sites was determined using fecal and total coliform contamination indicators. The results indicate that the most abundant waste corresponds to food and plastic bags and plastic bottles. Fecal coliform values were found that exceed the maximum value allowed for recreational waters; an increase in coliforms was also reported in the rainy season compared to what was reported in the dry season. The solid waste of anthropogenic origin found indicates that the population improperly disposes of its waste, which affects the quality of this effluent, as well as the ecosystem services it provides. Due to the aforementioned, raising awareness among the population of the area is necessary to have a La Villa River with less pollution and the effects on the quality of its waters are minimized.Se clasifico y cuantificó los desechos sólidos antropogénicos en los puntos balneario Los Olivos y puente río La Villa. Se utilizó la técnica de lista de cotejo para clasificar y cuantificar los desechos en el área de estudio. Se realizó muestreos cada quince días por un período de cuatros meses durante la temporada seca 2023. Además, se determinó la calidad sanitaria del agua del rio La Villa en los dos sitios de estudio mediante los indicadores de contaminación coliformes fecales y totales. Los resultados indican que el desecho más abundante corresponde restos de alimentos y las bolsas plásticas, botellas plásticas. Se encontraron valores de coliformes fecales que superan el valor máximo permitido para aguas con fines recreativos, asimismo se reporta un incremento de coliformes en temporada lluviosa en comparación con lo reportado en temporada seca. Los desechos sólidos de origen antropogénico encontrados nos indican que población hace una disposición inadecuada de sus desechos lo que afecta la calidad de este efluente, así como los servicios ecosistémicos que brinda. Por lo antes descrito concientizar a la población del área es necesario para tener un río La Villa con menos contaminación y se minimice las afectaciones a la calidad de sus aguas

Calidad del agua de la subcuenca baja del río David y su impacto sobre la salud pública.

Water quality in the lower river basin of David was assessed for the years 2013 and 2014. The water quality index (WQI) proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) was used. The parameters analyzed were BOD5, fecal coliform, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrates, phosphates and total solids. Fecal coliforms are classified as poor quality for the four monitored sites. The sampling site less WQI was Rondon. Global WQIfor 2013 was 72.96 while 2014 was 76.73. Low quality sub-basin is classified as good due to the influence of the pH, DO parameters, nitrates and phosphates rated as excellent; however, the main factor of deterioration is fecal coliform contamination as they were detected in amounts exceeding the limits established by Executive Decree No.75 (≤ 250UFC/100 mL) therefore, these waters are not suitable for any kind recreational activity direct contact.D. Rovira et al/ Calidaddel agua...Water quality in the lower river basin of David was assessed for the years 2013 and 2014. The water quality index (WQI) proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) was used. The parameters analyzed were BOD5, fecal coliform, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrates, phosphates and total solids. Fecal coliforms are classified as poor quality for the four monitored sites. The sampling site less WQI was Rondon. Global WQIfor 2013 was 72.96 while 2014 was 76.73. Low quality sub-basin is classified as good due to the influence of the pH, DO parameters, nitrates and phosphates rated as excellent; however, the main factor of deterioration is fecal coliform contamination as they were detected in amounts exceeding the limits established by Executive Decree No.75 (≤ 250UFC/100 mL) therefore, these waters are not suitable for any kind recreational activity direct contact.D. Rovira et al/ Calidaddel agua..

El agua, elemento clave para la seguridad alimentaria. Estudio de caso: calidad del agua de consumo de urbanizaciones de David y Dolega.

Plus (+) Economía:ISSN2411-0353 -ISSN-L2644-4046|Vol.6. Núm. 2, Junio –Noviembre 2018AbstractThe quality of water for human consumption was evaluated in seven house developments in the districts of David and Dolega, to contribute to food safety. The study type was descriptive and it was carried out between the years 2016-2018. Chemical, physical and microbiological parameters were evaluated, following standardized analysis techniques. The results show that in general, all the parameters studied were within the permissible values in the Technical Regulation DGNTI-COPANIT 23-395-99(as per Acronym in Spanish),except residual chlorine, this indicates that it is necessary to guarantee the application and monitoring of chlorine in the storage tank. The Panamanian standard establishes a maximum level of 1,5 mg/L and a minimum residual of 0,8 mg/L in the water. No presence of total coliforms was reported in six of the seven house developments evaluated.Plus (+) Economía:ISSN2411-0353 -ISSN-L2644-4046|Vol.6. Núm. 2, Junio –Noviembre 2018AbstractThe quality of water for human consumption was evaluated in seven house developments in the districts of David and Dolega, to contribute to food safety. The study type was descriptive and it was carried out between the years 2016-2018. Chemical, physical and microbiological parameters were evaluated, following standardized analysis techniques. The results show that in general, all the parameters studied were within the permissible values in the Technical Regulation DGNTI-COPANIT 23-395-99(as per Acronym in Spanish),except residual chlorine, this indicates that it is necessary to guarantee the application and monitoring of chlorine in the storage tank. The Panamanian standard establishes a maximum level of 1,5 mg/L and a minimum residual of 0,8 mg/L in the water. No presence of total coliforms was reported in six of the seven house developments evaluated

Time-domain shielding effectiveness of enclosures against a plane wave excitation

Electromagnetic shielding of metallic enclosures with an aperture are simulated and measured in the frequency and time domain in this paper. Recently, several new figures of shielding effectiveness (SE) in the time domain have been proposed. Much work has been done regarding numerical simulations however little related to measurements has been carried out. In this work, we obtain the simulated and measured results for these SE definitions when an incident plane wave, with a determined bandwidth, excites the enclosure. The plane wave can be treated as a reference interference to compare with other cases. Measurements and simulations are in good agreement. This study evaluates the new definitions and compares them with the classical definition in the frequency domain. The effect of the probes, a dipole or a loop, has also been analyzed. Finally, the SE values are obtained for a sweep of the size of the aperture providing a unique value of equivalent SE for the most critical parameter and for a determined bandwidth, and allowing direct comparison with other enclosures

Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex

The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders

Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness

Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals

Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease

Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci are also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic=0.748), which indicated a similar genetic background and allowed for the identification of four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, Parkinson’s disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways including PI3K–AKT signaling. These findings identify biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and provide genetic support for theories on brain reserve and brain overgrowth

100 años investigando el mar. El IEO en su centenario (1914-2014).

Se trata de un libro que pretende divulgar a la sociedad las principales investigaciones multidisciplinares llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante su primer siglo de vida, y dar a conocer la historia del organismo, de su Sede Central y de los nueve centros oceanográficos repartidos por los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, en la península y archipiélagos.Kongsberg 20

Presencia de Heliobacter pylori y Coliformes en agua de consumo humano en la región occidental de Panamá.

Los agentes patógenos presentes en el agua, destinada para consumo humano constituyen un problema mundial de salud pública, con la capacidad de producir un gran impacto en la población la esta situación demanda la atención de las autoridades. usuarios, científicos y sociedad en general Conscientes de esta situación, se realizó la presente investigación con el propósito de determinar la presencia del patógeno Heliobacter pylori y los indicadores de contaminación, conformes fecales y conformes totales, en muestras de agua de consumo humano de la región occidental de Panamá. Se conectaron muestras de 44 acueductos rurales que presentaban procesos deficientes de potabilización, los análisis fueron realizados siguiendo metodologías estandarizadas El 86% de las muestras analizadas fueron positivas para H. pylori y conformes totales y el 63.6% fueron positivas para conformes fecales de manera simultánea se detectó la presencia de los tres grupos de estudio en 52.2% de los sitios muestreados. Se concluye que el 86% de los acueductos muestreados no presentan agua apta para el consumo humano, lo que representa un riesgo para la salud de las personas que la consumen Palabras claves: Heliobacter pylori, cáncer gástrico, conformes fecales, conformes totales