Efecto de cuatro dosis de humus de lombriz en el cultivo de Caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) variedad blanco Cumbaza en la zona del alto Huallaga - Tocache

El trabajo de investigación tuvo hipótesis principal en relación al trabajo de investigación fue: Que al menos una de las dosis de humus de lombriz aplicadas, resulte una alternativa de fertilización orgánica en los suelos de la zona del Alto Huallaga – Tocache y mejore los rendimientos de grano de Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp variedad Blanco Cumbaza. Teniendo en cuenta, que al menos una de las dosis usadas en el trabajo de investigación reportó mayor rendimiento de grano del cultivo de caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) variedad Blanco Cumbaza. También tuvo como objetivo general: Contribuir a desarrollar tecnología para mejorar el rendimiento del cultivo de Caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) variedad Blanco Cumbaza en los suelos de la zona del Alto Huallaga – Tocache. La investigación fue realizada en los terrenos del Fundo “El Porvenir” de propiedad de la señora Julia Santos Calbay, ubicado en el sector Charapita, margen derecha de la carretera Fernando Belaunde Terry , Trayecto Tocache – Tingo María, Región San Martín. Se utilizó el Diseño Estadístico de Bloques Completamente al Azar (DBCA) con cuatro bloques y cinco tratamientos, con un total de 20 unidades experimentales. La información obtenida en campo se procesó con el programa Estadístico SPSS 22, el cual utiliza el P-valor como comparador de diferencias significativas a los niveles de confianza de 1% y al 5% en el análisis de varianza (ANVA) y la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan una P ≤ 0.05. Las dosis empleadas fueron: T1 (7000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T2 (8000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T3 (9000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T4 (10000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T0 (Testigo, sin aplicación). Las variables evaluadas fueron: Porcentaje de emergencia (%), Altura de planta (cm), Longitud de vainas (cm), Número de vainas por planta, Peso de 100 semillas (g), Rendimiento (kg.ha-1) y Análisis económico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la dosis de 10 t.ha-1 de humus de lombriz fue el tratamiento (T4) que determino el mayor efecto en el rendimiento con 2564.9 kg.ha-1 y en el beneficio/costo de 0.12 y con un beneficio neto de S/. 978.00 Nuevos soles.The following research work had main hypothesis in relation to the research work was: That at least one of the doses of earthworm humus applied, result an alternative of organic fertilization in the soils of the Alto Huallaga - Tocache area and improve the yields of grain of Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp variety Blanco Cumbaza. Taking into account that at least one of the doses used in the research work reported higher grain yield of the cowpea (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) Blanco Cumbaza variety. It also had as a general objective: Contribute to develop technology to improve the yield of the Caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) Blanco Cumbaza variety in the soils of the Alto Huallaga - Tocache area. The investigation was carried out in the grounds of the "El Porvenir" estate owned by Mrs. Julia Santos Calbay, located in the Charapita sector, right bank of the Fernando Belaunde Terry road, Tocache - Tingo María route, San Martín region. The Statistical Design of Completely Random Blocks (DBCA) was used with four blocks and five treatments, with a total of 20 experimental units. The information obtained in the field was processed with the statistical program SPSS 22, which uses the P-value as a comparator of significant differences at the confidence levels of 1% and 5% in the analysis of variance (ANVA) and the test of Duncan's multiple ranges a P ≤ 0.05. The doses used were: T1 (7000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T2 (8000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T3 (9000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T4 (10000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T0 (Control, without application). The variables evaluated were: Percentage of emergence (%), Plant height (cm), Length of pods (cm), Number of pods per plant, Weight of 100 seeds (g), Yield (kg.ha-1) and Analysis economic. The results obtained indicate that the dose of 10 t.ha-1 of earthworm humus was the treatment (T4) that determined the greatest effect on the yield with 2564.9 kg.ha-1 and the benefit / cost of 0.12 and with a net profit of S /. 978.00 Nuevos Soles.TesisAp

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Efecto de cuatro dosis de humus de lombriz en el cultivo de caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) variedad blanco Cumbaza en la zona del alto Huallaga - Tocache

El trabajo de investigación tuvo hipótesis principal en relación al trabajo de investigación fue: Que al menos una de las dosis de humus de lombriz aplicadas, resulte una alternativa de fertilización orgánica en los suelos de la zona del Alto Huallaga – Tocache y mejore los rendimientos de grano de Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp variedad Blanco Cumbaza. Teniendo en cuenta, que al menos una de las dosis usadas en el trabajo de investigación reportó mayor rendimiento de grano del cultivo de caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) variedad Blanco Cumbaza. También tuvo como objetivo general: Contribuir a desarrollar tecnología para mejorar el rendimiento del cultivo de Caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) variedad Blanco Cumbaza en los suelos de la zona del Alto Huallaga – Tocache. La investigación fue realizada en los terrenos del Fundo “El Porvenir” de propiedad de la señora Julia Santos Calbay, ubicado en el sector Charapita, margen derecha de la carretera Fernando Belaunde Terry , Trayecto Tocache – Tingo María, Región San Martín. Se utilizó el Diseño Estadístico de Bloques Completamente al Azar (DBCA) con cuatro bloques y cinco tratamientos, con un total de 20 unidades experimentales. La información obtenida en campo se procesó con el programa Estadístico SPSS 22, el cual utiliza el P-valor como comparador de diferencias significativas a los niveles de confianza de 1% y al 5% en el análisis de varianza (ANVA) y la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan una P ≤ 0.05. Las dosis empleadas fueron: T1 (7000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T2 (8000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T3 (9000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T4 (10000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T0 (Testigo, sin aplicación). Las variables evaluadas fueron: Porcentaje de emergencia (%), Altura de planta (cm), Longitud de vainas (cm), Número de vainas por planta, Peso de 100 semillas (g), Rendimiento (kg.ha-1) y Análisis económico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la dosis de 10 t.ha-1 de humus de lombriz fue el tratamiento (T4) que determino el mayor efecto en el rendimiento con 2564.9 kg.ha-1 y en el beneficio/costo de 0.12 y con un beneficio neto de S/. 978.00 Nuevos soles.The following research work had main hypothesis in relation to the research work was: That at least one of the doses of earthworm humus applied, result an alternative of organic fertilization in the soils of the Alto Huallaga - Tocache area and improve the yields of grain of Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp variety Blanco Cumbaza. Taking into account that at least one of the doses used in the research work reported higher grain yield of the cowpea (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) Blanco Cumbaza variety. It also had as a general objective: Contribute to develop technology to improve the yield of the Caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) Blanco Cumbaza variety in the soils of the Alto Huallaga - Tocache area. The investigation was carried out in the grounds of the "El Porvenir" estate owned by Mrs. Julia Santos Calbay, located in the Charapita sector, right bank of the Fernando Belaunde Terry road, Tocache - Tingo María route, San Martín region. The Statistical Design of Completely Random Blocks (DBCA) was used with four blocks and five treatments, with a total of 20 experimental units. The information obtained in the field was processed with the statistical program SPSS 22, which uses the P-value as a comparator of significant differences at the confidence levels of 1% and 5% in the analysis of variance (ANVA) and the test of Duncan's multiple ranges a P ≤ 0.05. The doses used were: T1 (7000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T2 (8000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T3 (9000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T4 (10000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T0 (Control, without application). The variables evaluated were: Percentage of emergence (%), Plant height (cm), Length of pods (cm), Number of pods per plant, Weight of 100 seeds (g), Yield (kg.ha-1) and Analysis economic. The results obtained indicate that the dose of 10 t.ha-1 of earthworm humus was the treatment (T4) that determined the greatest effect on the yield with 2564.9 kg.ha-1 and the benefit / cost of 0.12 and with a net profit of S /. 978.00 Nuevos Soles

Efecto de cuatro dosis de humus de lombriz en el cultivo de Caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) variedad blanco Cumbaza en la zona del alto Huallaga - Tocache

The following research work had main hypothesis in relation to the research work was: That at least one of the doses of earthworm humus applied, result an alternative of organic fertilization in the soils of the Alto Huallaga - Tocache area and improve the yields of grain of Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp variety Blanco Cumbaza. Taking into account that at least one of the doses used in the research work reported higher grain yield of the cowpea (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) Blanco Cumbaza variety. It also had as a general objective: Contribute to develop technology to improve the yield of the Caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) Blanco Cumbaza variety in the soils of the Alto Huallaga - Tocache area. The investigation was carried out in the grounds of the "El Porvenir" estate owned by Mrs. Julia Santos Calbay, located in the Charapita sector, right bank of the Fernando Belaunde Terry road, Tocache - Tingo María route, San Martín region. The Statistical Design of Completely Random Blocks (DBCA) was used with four blocks and five treatments, with a total of 20 experimental units. The information obtained in the field was processed with the statistical program SPSS 22, which uses the P-value as a comparator of significant differences at the confidence levels of 1% and 5% in the analysis of variance (ANVA) and the test of Duncan's multiple ranges a P ≤ 0.05. The doses used were: T1 (7000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T2 (8000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T3 (9000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T4 (10000 kg.ha-1 of earthworm humus), T0 (Control, without application). The variables evaluated were: Percentage of emergence (%), Plant height (cm), Length of pods (cm), Number of pods per plant, Weight of 100 seeds (g), Yield (kg.ha-1) and Analysis economic. The results obtained indicate that the dose of 10 t.ha-1 of earthworm humus was the treatment (T4) that determined the greatest effect on the yield with 2564.9 kg.ha-1 and the benefit / cost of 0.12 and with a net profit of S /. 978.00 Nuevos Soles.TesisApaEl trabajo de investigación tuvo hipótesis principal en relación al trabajo de investigación fue: Que al menos una de las dosis de humus de lombriz aplicadas, resulte una alternativa de fertilización orgánica en los suelos de la zona del Alto Huallaga – Tocache y mejore los rendimientos de grano de Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp variedad Blanco Cumbaza. Teniendo en cuenta, que al menos una de las dosis usadas en el trabajo de investigación reportó mayor rendimiento de grano del cultivo de caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) variedad Blanco Cumbaza. También tuvo como objetivo general: Contribuir a desarrollar tecnología para mejorar el rendimiento del cultivo de Caupí (Vigna ungüiculata L. Walp) variedad Blanco Cumbaza en los suelos de la zona del Alto Huallaga – Tocache. La investigación fue realizada en los terrenos del Fundo “El Porvenir” de propiedad de la señora Julia Santos Calbay, ubicado en el sector Charapita, margen derecha de la carretera Fernando Belaunde Terry , Trayecto Tocache – Tingo María, Región San Martín. Se utilizó el Diseño Estadístico de Bloques Completamente al Azar (DBCA) con cuatro bloques y cinco tratamientos, con un total de 20 unidades experimentales. La información obtenida en campo se procesó con el programa Estadístico SPSS 22, el cual utiliza el P-valor como comparador de diferencias significativas a los niveles de confianza de 1% y al 5% en el análisis de varianza (ANVA) y la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan una P ≤ 0.05. Las dosis empleadas fueron: T1 (7000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T2 (8000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T3 (9000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T4 (10000 kg.ha-1 de humus de lombriz), T0 (Testigo, sin aplicación). Las variables evaluadas fueron: Porcentaje de emergencia (%), Altura de planta (cm), Longitud de vainas (cm), Número de vainas por planta, Peso de 100 semillas (g), Rendimiento (kg.ha-1) y Análisis económico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la dosis de 10 t.ha-1 de humus de lombriz fue el tratamiento (T4) que determino el mayor efecto en el rendimiento con 2564.9 kg.ha-1 y en el beneficio/costo de 0.12 y con un beneficio neto de S/. 978.00 Nuevos soles

Generador lineal para un generador eólico de baja potencia, selección, diseño y simulación en comsol multiphysic

This document presents a comparative study of three proposed linear generator topologies, based on the compilation of studies reported in the scientific literature, they are modeled by means of 2D simulations in COMSOL and the results obtained are analyzed taking output power and behavior under load as a performance indicator, as a contribution to the research project TOPOLOGIES OF LOW POWER WIND GENERATOR. The results obtained are satisfactory, highlighting the first of the proposed topologies, which presents the best behavior under load and an adequate output power value for low power applications. Thanks to the use of computational tools, the construction of several prototypes is avoided, which gives the possibility of generating a virtual test bench for future developments in this area and achieving a breakthrough in the research of these devices in Colombia.En el presente documento se expone un estudio comparativo de tres topologías propuestas de generador lineal, a partir de la recopilación de los estudios consignados en la literatura científica, son modeladas por medio de simulaciones en 2D en COMSOL y se analizan los resultados obtenidos tomando como indicador de desempeño la potencia de salida y el comportamiento bajo carga, como contribución al proyecto de investigación TOPOLOGÍAS DE GENERADOR EÓLICO DE BAJA POTENCIA. Los resultados obtenidos son satisfactorios resaltando la primera de las topologías propuestas, que presenta el mejor comportamiento bajo carga y un valor adecuado de potencia de salida para aplicaciones de baja potencia. Gracias al empleo de herramientas computacionales se evita la construcción de varios prototipos, lo que da la posibilidad de generar un banco virtual de pruebas para futuros desarrollos en esta área y lograr un avance en la investigación de estos dispositivos en Colombia

Generador lineal para un generador eólico de baja potencia, selección, diseño y simulación en comsol multiphysic

This document presents a comparative study of three proposed linear generator topologies, based on the compilation of studies reported in the scientific literature, they are modeled by means of 2D simulations in COMSOL and the results obtained are analyzed taking output power and behavior under load as a performance indicator, as a contribution to the research project TOPOLOGIES OF LOW POWER WIND GENERATOR. The results obtained are satisfactory, highlighting the first of the proposed topologies, which presents the best behavior under load and an adequate output power value for low power applications. Thanks to the use of computational tools, the construction of several prototypes is avoided, which gives the possibility of generating a virtual test bench for future developments in this area and achieving a breakthrough in the research of these devices in Colombia.En el presente documento se expone un estudio comparativo de tres topologías propuestas de generador lineal, a partir de la recopilación de los estudios consignados en la literatura científica, son modeladas por medio de simulaciones en 2D en COMSOL y se analizan los resultados obtenidos tomando como indicador de desempeño la potencia de salida y el comportamiento bajo carga, como contribución al proyecto de investigación TOPOLOGÍAS DE GENERADOR EÓLICO DE BAJA POTENCIA. Los resultados obtenidos son satisfactorios resaltando la primera de las topologías propuestas, que presenta el mejor comportamiento bajo carga y un valor adecuado de potencia de salida para aplicaciones de baja potencia. Gracias al empleo de herramientas computacionales se evita la construcción de varios prototipos, lo que da la posibilidad de generar un banco virtual de pruebas para futuros desarrollos en esta área y lograr un avance en la investigación de estos dispositivos en Colombia

On the distribution and conservation of Sievekingia hirtzii Waldvogel (Orchidaceae, Stanhopeinae): first records from Colombia

We newly report two populations of the orchid Sievekingia hirtzii in the Andean–Amazonian foothills of Caquetá, Colombia. Following the B criterion of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we propose the categorization of this species as Endangered, due to its small Area of Occupancy and Extent of Occur-rence, the limited number of populations, and habitat fragmentation and degradation caused by the expansion of agriculture. Additionally, we propose actions for in situ and ex situ conservation of this orchid, including habitat protection and cultivation in botanical gardens