Peer-to-Peer Computing and Grid Computing: towards a better understanding

Currently, both Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P) and Grid Computing have remained the most vibrant and useful forms of distributed computing all over the world. Their applications are such that they cut across both academia and industry. It has come to the notice of researchers that there are great misunderstanding and misinterpretation on what these forms of distributed computing actually portend and stand for. In this paper therefore, we take a critical look at comparative study of both computing technologies with aim of making readers understand in a clear cut what each really stands for. To have a good comparison, we start by giving a well referenced definition of Grid Computing as well as Peer-to-Peer Computing. Also, we used technical issues and general features in our comparison vis-à-vis the architecture, security issue, data movement, application deployment, and operating system requirement. We also considered the strength of both distributed computing system and finally we considered what could be the future of both technologies

Paternal Diet Defines Offspring Chromatin State and Intergenerational Obesity

The global rise in obesity has revitalized a search for genetic and epigenetic factors underlying the disease. We present a Drosophila model of paternal-diet-induced intergenerational metabolic reprogramming (IGMR) and identify genes required for its encoding in offspring. Intriguingly, we find that as little as 2 days of dietary intervention in fathers elicits obesity in offspring. Paternal sugar acts as a physiological suppressor of variegation, desilencing chromatin-state-defined domains in both mature sperm and in offspring embryos. We identify requirements for H3K9/K27me3-dependent reprogramming of metabolic genes in two distinct germline and zygotic windows. Critically, we find evidence that a similar system may regulate obesity susceptibility and phenotype variation in mice and humans. The findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying intergenerational metabolic reprogramming and carry profound implications for our understanding of phenotypic variation and evolution

НОВЫЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ ЦИТОПЛАЗМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МУЖСКОЙ СТЕРИЛЬНОСТИ ЛУКА РЕПЧАТОГО (ALLIUM CEPA L.)

Actual problem in breeding onion (Allium cepa. L) is the identification of cytoplasm type in varieties and F1 hybrids. To create a parent sterile fixing line, is required a cytoplasm of type N. However, heterozygous F1 hybrids and new onion varieties obtained from subsequent generations from F1 fertility hybrids that possess economically valuable traits and meet market requirements are not suitable for creating a sterile fixing line from them, because all hybrid plants has 100% S-cytoplasm or T-cytoplasm type. In order to determine the most desirable parent component with subsequent use in the selection process, the Laboratory of Selection and Seed Production of Onion Cultures of the Gavrish company conducted a phenotypic and molecular analysis of collection samples of onions for the feature of male sterility. The material for research was grown according to the generally accepted technologies for the zone in the city of Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory. Phenotypic analysis of the manifestation of the "male sterility" feature was carried out with the help of visual analysis. As a result of the work, were identified varieties and F1 hybrids that can be used as genetic sources for the creation of new sterile lines and lines of sterility fixers, as well as samples to be used as pollinators. In the future, these lines will be used to create heterotic F1 hybrids with high indicators of economic characteristics with given properties.Актуальной задачей в селекции лука репчатого (Allium cepa. L) является идентификация сортов и гибридов F1 по типу цитоплазмы. Для создания линии закрепителя стерильности требуется цитоплазма N типа, однако гетерозисные гибриды F1 и новые сорта лука репчатого, полученные из последующих поколений от фертильных гибридов F1, обладающие хозяйственно ценными признаками и отвечающие требованиям рынка, не пригодны для создания из них линии закрепителя стерильности, так как цитоплазма всех гибридных растений имеет 100% S или T тип. Чтобы понять, в качестве какого родительского компонента следует использовать селекционный материал, имеющийся в лаборатории селекции и семеноводства луковых культур компании Гавриш, мы проводили фенотипический и молекулярный анализ коллекционных образцов по признаку мужская стерильность. Материал для исследований был выращен по общепринятым для зоны технологиям в г. Крымск, Краснодарский край. Фенотипический анализ проявления признака «мужская стерильность» был проведен на коллекционном материале визуально. Оценка материала с применением real-time PCR на тип цитоплазмы дала возможность выделить источники хозяйственно ценных признаков, в то же время среди них, возможно, найти закрепители стерильности, необходимые для создания трехлинейных гибридов лука репчатого. В результате проведенной работы были определены сорта и гибриды F1, которые можно использовать в качестве генетических источников при создании новых стерильных линий и линий закрепителей стерильности, а также выделены образцы, которые следует использовать как линии-опылители. В дальнейшем эти линии будут использованы при создании гетерозисных гибридов F1 с высокими показателями хозяйственных признаков c заданными свойствами.

Differences in feeding practices and supplementation on small ruminant farms in four provinces of Fiji

This research aimed to find out what feed resources and supplements are being used by farmers in the main sheep and goat producing areas of Fiji and investigate possible differences between provinces. Feeding practices and feed resources used on SR farms, and barriers to supplementation on farms were analysed using a structured farmer survey (n = 248) in two major divisions (Northern and Western) and four major sheep and goat producing provinces (Ba, Ra, Bua and Macuata). The study was conducted with three SR enterprise types (sheep only, goat only and dual farms). A total of 85 quantitative and qualitative questions were developed and applied using the kobo toolbox app to collect farm data. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the survey was conducted via telephone during 15–24 December 2021

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO