EVALUATION OF IMPACT TO PISA SUCCESS OF SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT POLICIES

In this study, countries with the highest levels of achievement according to math and science scores in the PISA exams and countries with the lowest levels of achievement were compared in terms of school-based management policy indicators in education. This research is a quantitative research method. The research is in statistical scanning model. Data are taken directly from EUROSTAT, OECD and PISA database. The educational systems of the countries with the highest scores in the PISA exams and the countries with the lowest scores were compared. It is seen that local governments have more funding for schools, schools have the authority to determine their own teachers, schools have the authority to determine the textbooks, students have the authority to evaluate student achievement and the school budget, and these rates are above the OECD average. In high score countries inter-school disadvantage was below the OECD average. In low score countries inter-school disadvantage was above the OECD average.   Article visualizations

Attitudes of Young Adult athletes towards E-Learning and Playing Digital Games for Learning Sports

Background: This study aimed at investigating the attitudes of young adults towards e-learning and playing digital games for learning sports. Method: The research group consisted of 189 (77 female, 112 male) young volunteered athletes in the province of Elazig, turkey. A “Personal Information Form”, “Attitude Scale Towards E-Learning in Sports” and the “Digital Gaming Attitude Scale” (DOOTÖ) were implemented to assess the attitudes of the athletes towards playing digital games with e-learning in sports. Results: The findings revealed that the attitudes of the research sample towards e-learning in sports and playing digital games differed significantly according to their gender, and there was no significant difference in neither of the scales according to the years of exerience in sports and the type of their sport  (individual and team sports) (p>0.05). Furthermore, the young adults' attitudes towards e-learning in sports and playing digital games were inversely correlated (R=-.047; R2=.002; p<0.05) Conclusion: In general, a weak negative relationship was found between young adults' attitudes towards e-learning in sports and playing digital games

Internet and Social Media Usage Situations in Young People

Background: This research was conducted to determine the Internet and social media usage status of young people who do sports.Method: The research group consisted of 1521 (927 Males, 594 Females) young volunteers attending sports branches. As a data collection tool, an online questionnaire form was applied in which the participants’ demographic information, social media usage status, Internet usage status and purposes were questioned.Results: It was determined that the research group used mobile phones frequently and at high rates for Internet access and social media. The participants’ self-reported purposes of participating in the Internet included doing research, watching videos and movies, communicating with friends, making use of their spare time and following sports news, respectively. It was observed that the majority of the participants used the Internet almost every day. It was determined that the participants use Instagram, e-mail, Facebook and twitter, respectively, in social media, and 99.1% of them use social media for 1-3 hours every day. It was also revealed that the rate of using social media among women is higher than that among men, along with the increase in age, the rate of using Instagram and the rate of using email decreases, and the rate of using e-mail and Instagram increases in line with the increase in the level of education.Conclusion: It was observed that a large part of the research group frequently used the Internet and social media. It is recommended that the athletes use the Internet and social media to follow their professional development, sports news and organizations

Investigation of the attitudes of students from exercise and sports education for individuals with disabilities department toward individuals with disabilities

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda Engellilerde Egzersiz ve Spor Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin engellilere yönelik tutumlarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu bu bölümde spor eğitimi alan 120 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya veri toplamak amacıyla Yuker ve arkadaşları (1970) tarafından geliştirilen ve Özyürek (1977) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Yetersizlikten Etkilenmiş Kişilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (Attitude Toward Disabled Person)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgularda, sınıf değişkenine göre yetersizlik boyutunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (F(2,117)=9,149; p<0.05). Farkın kaynağını bulmak için yapılan LSD testinde, 1. sınıf öğrencileri 2. ve 3. sınıf öğrencilerine göre daha olumlu yönde görüş bildirdikleri görülmüştür. Örneklem grupta, sınıf seviyesi arttıkça engelli bireylere yönelik genel tutumlarının olumsuz yönde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu bölümlerde spor eğitimi alan öğrencilerin olumsuz tutumlarının nedenleri konusunda farklı çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca ders müfredat çalışmaları, öğrenci alımı, akademik personellerin deneyimleri, öğrencilerin gittiği engelli okullarının fiziki şartları gibi konularda da araştırmalar yapılabilir.The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of students from Exercise and Sports Education for Individuals with Disabilities Department in Physical Education and Sports School of İnönü University in Turkey toward individuals with disabilities. The sample group of the study comprises of 120 students from this department. In order to gather the data in the study, “Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP)” scale which was developed by Yuker et al. (1970) and adapted to Turkish by Özyürek (1977) was employed. In the findings acquired in the study, it was detected that a statistically meaningful difference existed in the inability dimension according to grade variable (F(2,117)=9,149; p<0.05). In the LSD tests carried out in order to find the cause of the difference, it was observed that students from 1st grade expressed a more positive opinion compared to students from 2nd and 3rd grades. In the sample group, it was determined that with increasing levels of grades, the general attitude toward individuals with disabilities were affected negatively. As a result, various studies should be carried out in order to determine the causes of the negative attitudes of students who receive sports education in these departments. Additionally, studies can be carried out on the subjects of curriculum preparation, student admission, experiences of academic staff and physical condition

Приклади завдань для позакласної роботи з інформатики у початковій школі

У статті коротко описана методика проведення позакласної роботи з інформатики у початковій школі

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.Improving the Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Disease

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P &lt; 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Loneliness and social media: A qualitative investigation of young people's motivations for use and perceptions of social networking sites

The democratisation of Internet access has incrementally changed every domain of activity and has created new business and economic models. From answering work emails to learning a new language, shopping, booking medical appointments or managing one’s finances, almost everything is attainable at the click of a button. The added implications of the rapid rise of social networking websites (SNSs), such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat, have further contributed to changing the way we communicate and build new friendships. Indeed most of our social relationships are now being ‘increasingly developed and maintained online’ (Nowland, Necka & Cacioppo, 2017: 1). Ostensibly, despite improved Internet access and enhanced social connectedness, modern societies are struggling to combat loneliness. It is reported to affect people of all ages, especially young adults (16-24 and 25-34 years old) who are avid Internet and social media users (see Office for National Statistics, 2018)