Markov Model Based Oriya Isolated Speech Recognizer-An Emerging Solution for Visually Impaired Students in School and Public Examination

In this paper we have tried to focus on problems faced by visually impaired students of Orissa in school and public examinations and discussed the emerging solutions to those problems at the end in order to minimize those problems. Assessment plays an important role in the education system for evaluating student’s skill in that area. Assessment can be carried out by allowing students to appear exam in terms objective or non-objective type questions but due to the advantages offered by objective type assessment like offer speedier marking, reduced need for cross marking, greater fairness (reliability), more coverage of the syllabus and finally automate the marking process which enforces examination system to be held as objective rather non-objective type. Therefore, it is mostly implemented in examination system conducted in public or school exams. But it is very regret to mention that this assessment procedure is not well suitable for students those are visually impaired as they are unable to read what they have written or it is not possible to know if the ribbon has run out or if the line spacing is faulty unless the supervisor tells them. These are the main obstacles faced by visually challenged people which lead to disqualification for higher studies that ultimately reason to failure of motto i.e. “Education for All”. In this research study we have considered close ended objective type question. All possible responses of the closed questions are designed such a way that they are mutually exclusive. The closed ended questions are of five types namely fill-in-the-blanks questions, dichotomous questions, ranking scale questions, multiple choice questions and rating scale questions. As all the answers to the above types of questions carry isolated answers, we have developed Oriya isolated speech recognition system which can easily convert isolated answers uttered by visually impaired students to isolated text(isolated speech to isolated text). Hence, visually impaired students can answer the question as normal student because they do not need at all their hand and eyes to respond the answer. As a result of which overcomes the problem faced by visually challenged people to answer the questions without help of keyboard. Oriya isolated recognition system is developed using hidden Markov Model by incorporating1800 isolated Oriya words collected from 30 speakers in training stage. Testing stage is carried out by considering 5 speakers which yields 76.23% word accuracy on seen data and 58.86% on unseen data

Emotion Recognition using Fuzzy K-Means from Oriya Speech

Communication will be intelligible when conveyed message is interpreted in right-minded. Unfortunately, the rightminded interpretation of communicated message is possible for human-human communication but it’s laborious for humanmachine communication. It is due to the inherently blending of non-verbal contents such as emotion in vocal communication which leads to difficulty in human-machine interaction. In this research paper we have performed experiment to recognize emotions like anger, sadness, astonish, fear, happiness and neutral using fuzzy K-Means algorithm from Oriya elicited speech collected from 35 Oriya speaking people aged between 22- 58 years belonging to different provinces of Orissa. We have achieved the accuracy of 65.16% in recognizing above six mentioned emotions by incorporating mean pitch, first two formants, jitter, shimmer and energy as feature vectors for this research work. Emotion recognition has many vivid applications in different domains like call centers, spoken tutoring systems, spoken dialogue research, human-robotic interfaces etc

Multifocal myxoid liposarcoma: a rare and controversial entity-case report with literature review

Multifocal soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare and controversial entity, accounting for about 1% of patients with extremity STS and 4.5% of patients with liposarcoma. Multifocal presentation can occur synchronously or metachronously and is defined as the presence of tumor at two or more anatomically separate sites before the manifestation of disease in sites where sarcomas usually metastasize (e.g., lungs, liver, bone). Myxoid liposarcoma is the predominant histological type in multifocal presentation. This matter is debated as to whether  this entity represent an unusual pattern of metastasis or multiple separate primary tumors as the differentiation between second primary and metastatic lesions has major clinical consequences. Recent literatures based on molecular biologic analysis of tumor clonal heterogeneity suggest metastatic nature. Multifocal myxoid liposarcoma has an aggressive clinical course with frequent recurrences and poor prognosis. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment with adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy. Herein we are reporting a case of metachronous multifocal myxoid liposarcoma with multiple tumor sites (bilateral breasts, anterior chest wall, anterior abdominal wall, right shoulder area, left thigh etc.) which developed after one year of lumpectomy of myxoid liposarcoma of left breast. A recent review of literature pertaining to its unusual metastatic character, imaging and pathologic features is made

Sexual Risk Behaviour among Migrant Tribals Living in Urban Slums of an Eastern Indian City: Implications on the Spread of HIV

This paper reports the sexual risk behaviour among migrant tribal community living in an eastern Indian city. The age at marriage is very low in this community and 54% of women had first intercourse before the age of 15 years with the mean of 15.8 years and it is 19.5 years for men. Pre and extramarital relations, including multi-partnered sex is prevalent. Safe sexual practices are not reported and the risk perception is very low. High prevalence of behavioral risk factors leaves a potential risk for rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) both in slums as well as in remote tribal areas

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Spoken Keyword Based Speech Recognizer for Extracting Information

Abstract: This paper investigates multilayer feed forward back-propagation artificial neural network hybridized with ontology, a knowledge engineering tool for developing speech recognizer that will assist to retrieve Indian tourism information in hands free mode. Spoken key words are collected from 30 speakers of both genders in Indian tourism domain. This paper also used ontology technique a knowledge engineering approach in order to reduce the search space during information extraction. Thirteen Mel frequency cepstral coefficients have been applied to represent speech signal. Features from the selected frames are used to train multilayer FFBPNN. The same routine is applied to the speech signal during the recognition stage in such a way that unknown test patterns are classified to the nearest patterns and retrieved. The system can be said to be robust as average accuracy for clean data is 88.6 % % while that for noisy data is 67.7 %

E-Services for the Visually Challenged in India:Current Scenario and the Road Ahead

This paper discusses the present status of availability of e-services for the visually challenged in India. An analysis of five major Governments to Citizen (G2C) e-service initiatives is done to figure out the level of assistance for the visually challenged users. E-services are judged on a 3-point scale that includes Text to Speech (TTS) support, adherence to W3C accessibility guidelines and provision for voice based e-services. Finally, we discuss the architecture and working of E-Prakash, a voice based e-service delivery system.

Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Enteroviruses are members of the Picornaviridae family consisting of human enterovirus groups A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis, known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), in children worldwide, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 are the two viruses responsible for HFMD which are members of group A enteroviruses. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding viral replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regulate viral translation. However, the specific molecular features of the respective viral genome that determine virulence remain unclear. Although a vaccine is currently approved, there is no effective therapy for treating EV71-infected patients. Therefore, understanding the host-pathogen interaction could provide knowledge in viral pathogenesis and further benefits to anti-viral therapy development. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest findings about the interaction of viral ligands with the host receptors as well as the activation of immunerelated signaling pathways for innate immunity and the involvement of different cytokines and chemokines during host-pathogen interaction. The study also examined the roles of viral proteins, mainly 2A and 3C protease, interferons production and their inhibitory effects

Multifocal myxoid liposarcoma: a rare and controversial entity-case report with literature review

Multifocal soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare and controversial entity, accounting for about 1% of patients with extremity STS and 4.5% of patients with liposarcoma. Multifocal presentation can occur synchronously or metachronously and is defined as the presence of tumor at two or more anatomically separate sites before the manifestation of disease in sites where sarcomas usually metastasize (e.g., lungs, liver, bone). Myxoid liposarcoma is the predominant histological type in multifocal presentation. This matter is debated as to whether  this entity represent an unusual pattern of metastasis or multiple separate primary tumors as the differentiation between second primary and metastatic lesions has major clinical consequences. Recent literatures based on molecular biologic analysis of tumor clonal heterogeneity suggest metastatic nature. Multifocal myxoid liposarcoma has an aggressive clinical course with frequent recurrences and poor prognosis. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment with adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy. Herein we are reporting a case of metachronous multifocal myxoid liposarcoma with multiple tumor sites (bilateral breasts, anterior chest wall, anterior abdominal wall, right shoulder area, left thigh etc.) which developed after one year of lumpectomy of myxoid liposarcoma of left breast. A recent review of literature pertaining to its unusual metastatic character, imaging and pathologic features is made

Immunomodulatory Potency of Eclipta alba (Bhringaraj) Leaf Extract in Heteropneustes fossilis against Oomycete Pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans

Aphanomyces invadans is an aquatic oomycete pathogen and the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fresh and brackish water fish, which is responsible for severe mortalities and economic losses in aquaculture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anti-infective strategies to control EUS. An Oomycetes, a fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism, and a susceptible species, i.e., Heteropneustes fossilis, are used to establish whether an Eclipta alba leaf extract is effective against the EUS-causing A. invadans. We found that treatment with methanolic leaf extract, at concentrations between 50&ndash;100 ppm (T4&ndash;T6), protects the H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. These optimum concentrations induced anti-stress and antioxidative response in fish, marked by a significant decrease in cortisol and elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in treated animals, as compared with the controls. We further demonstrated that the A. invadans-protective effect of methanolic leaf extract was caused by its immunomodulatory effect and is linked to the enhanced survival of fingerlings. The analysis of non-specific and specific immune factors confirms that methanolic leaf extract-induced HSP70, HSP90 and IgM levels mediate the survival of H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. Taken together, our study provides evidence that the generation of anti-stress and antioxidative responses, as well as humoral immunity, may play a role in protecting H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. It is probable that E. alba methanolic leaf extract treatment might become part of a holistic strategy to control EUS in fish species