Migrating leukocytes are the source of Peroxiredoxin V during inflammation in the airways

BACKGROUND: We characterized changes in expression of the antioxidant protein Peroxiredoxin V (PRXV) during airway inflammation. METHODS: Studies in anesthetized rats and mice; PRXV expression determined by Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry; PRXV m-RNA expression determined by Taq-Man RT-PCR. RESULTS: Bacterial lung inflammation did not change expression of PRXV in murine epithelia but produced massive influx of leukocytes highly expressing PRXV. Endotoxin and f-MLP induced leukocyte migration in rat trachea but did not change mRNA levels and PRXV protein expression in tracheal epithelial cells. In primary airway cell culture (cow), alveolar epithelial cells A549, or co-culture of A549 with murine macrophages RAW264.7, exposure to live bacteria increased expression of PRXV, which required serum. PRXV was secreted in vitro by epithelial and immune cells. CONCLUSION: Inflammation increased expression of PRXV in airways by at least 2 mechanisms: cell population shift by massive influx of leukocytes expressing PRXV, and moderate post-transcriptional up-regulation of PRXV in epithelial cells

Metals from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II (Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia) [Metales del yacimiento ritual de Shaitanskoye Ozero II (provincia de Sverdlovsk Oblast, Rusia)]

The present article describes materials from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Sverdlovsk Oblast. Few excavations carried out at the site measuring less than 240 sq. m in size, yielded more than 160 bronze artifacts: utensils, weapons, rolled copper ornaments, and abundant smelting and casting waste. Apart from Seima-Turbino (celts and laminar knives) and Eurasian types (daggers with cast hilts, truncated knives with guards, fluted bracelets and rings), several metal artifacts were revealed manufactured in the style of the Samus-Kizhirovo tradition. Bronze artifacts, stone knives and scrapers, and numerous arrowheads are accompanied by ceramics of the Koptyaki type. Metals use mainly a copper-tin alloy. This assemblage is shown to be relevant to the local tradition of metalworking, which, in this particular region, was comparatively ancient having been left uninterrupted by the rapid migrations of the Seima-Turbino people. In addition, the assemblage indicates the sources from which post-Seima artifacts reached the Alakul people. These artifacts may also have been linked with a large metalworking center located in the Middle Urals

Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric temperature, humidity, and aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients by a combined vibrational-pure-rotational Raman lidar

Implementation of the pure-rotational Raman (PRR) lidar method for simultaneous measurement of atmospheric temperature, humidity, and aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients is reported. The isolation of two wavelength domains of the PRR spectrum and the suppression of the elastically scattered light is carried out by a double-grating polychromator. Experiments involving elastic backscatter from dense clouds and a solid target confirm the high level of suppression of the elastic light in the corresponding acquisition channels of the two selected PRR domains. Calibration of the temperature channel was done both by comparison with an experimentally verified atmospheric temperature model profile and by inter-comparison with radiosondes. Night-time temperature profiles with high vertical resolution were obtained up to the lower stratosphere. The PRR temperature profile combined with the water vapor mixing ratio obtained from the ro-vibrational Raman channel is used to estimate the relative humidit

On the Problem of Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Assistance to Persons Intolerant to Evaluation of Their Appearance

Рассматривается проблема психолого-психотерапевтической помощи лицам, интолерантным к оцениванию своего внешнего облика. Анализируются теоретические представления о процессах самовосприятия внешнего облика, механизмах его «проблемного» сравнения с внешним обликом других людей, переживания, основанные на возможности коррекции субъектом самооценки своей внешности и повышения устойчивости к ее оценкам окружающими. Приводятся результаты проведенных авторами социально-психологических тренингов, направленных на повышение толерантности к оценкам и самооценкам внешнего облика.The problem of psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance to persons intolerant to the assessment of their appearance is considered. Theoretical ideas about the processes of self-perception of external appearance, the mechanisms of its “problematic” comparison with the external appearance of other people, experiences based on the possibility of the subject correcting his self-esteem of his appearance and increasing resistance to its assessments by others are analyzed. The results of socio-psychological trainings conducted by the authors aimed at increasing tolerance to assessments and self-assessments of appearance are given

Integrative monitoring of systemic hemodynamics and the oxygen-transport status and the choice of the intensive therapy tactics in patients, suffering an ischemic cerebral insult

Objective. To elaborate the intensive therapy tactic in patients, suffering ischemic cerebral insult (ICI) depending on changes in the systemic hemodynamics indices and the oxygen-transportation status.Маterials and methods. In 42 patients, suffering the ICI of middle severity, ageing 45 - 88 years old, the integrative monitoring of the neurological state severity, systemic hemodynamics indices and the oxygen-transportation status on background of targeted intensive therapy was conducted. Results. In the patients, suffering initial hypoxemia, a hypokinetic heart index (HI) - (2,0±0,1) l×min-1×m-2 and the lowered systemic delivery of oxygen (DO2) - (356±21) ml×min-1×m-2were revealed. Prophylactic oxygenation is needed if the value of the oxygen content in arterial blood (SаO2) exceeds 95% and DO2 is lesser than 520 ml×min-1×m-2. Aiming the achievement of eukinetic values of the HI, correction of vascular spasm and antihypertensive therapy was conducted, using alpha-adrenoblocking agent (urapydil) up to stabilization of the DO2 indices on the level of 520-600 ml×min-1×m-2. In hyperoxidal state a hyperkinetic HI - (3.6±0.1) l×min-1×m-2 and a raised DO2 - (699±14) ml×min-1×m-2 were revealed. Prophylactic oxygenation is not indicated if the value of the SаO2 index exceeds 95% and DO2 exceeds 600 ml×min-1×m-2. Aiming to achieve eukinetic values of HI it is mandatory to conduct antihypertensive therapy, using therapy with аlpha-beta-аdrenoblocking agent (labetalol). Conclusion. Targeted intensive therapy, oriented towards balance with general oxygenation of the organism tissues, normalizes the oxygen-transport homeostasis in shortest terms, what impacts the results of treatment in patients, suffering ICI, immediately

Смешанная задача для одномерного волнового уравнения с условиями сопряжения и производными второго порядка в граничных условиях

In this paper, we consider the boundary problem for the half-strip on the plane for the case of two independent variables. This mixed problem is solved for a one-dimensional wave equation with Cauchy conditions on the basis of the half-strip and boundary conditions for lateral parts of the area border containing second-order derivatives. Moreover, the conjugation conditions are specified for the required function and its derivatives for the case when the homogeneous matching conditions are not satisfied. A classical solution to this problem is found in an analytical form by the characteristics method. This solution is approved to be unique if the relevant conditions are fulfilled.В полуполосе на плоскости в случае двух независимых переменных рассмотрена смешанная задача для одномерного волнового уравнения с условиями Коши на основании полуполосы и граничными условиями на боковых частях границы области, в которые входят производные второго порядка. Кроме того, на характеристиках, на которых не выполняются однородные условия согласования, задаются условия сопряжения для искомой функции и ее производных. Методом характеристик найдено классическое решение указанной задачи в аналитическом виде. Доказана его единственность при выполнении соответствующих условий

Four-dimensional distribution of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud over Europe observed by EARLINET

© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.The eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj ökull in April-May 2010 represents a "natural experiment" to study the impact of volcanic emissions on a continental scale. For the first time, quantitative data about the presence, altitude, and layering of the volcanic cloud, in conjunction with optical information, are available for most parts of Europe derived from the observations by the European Aerosol Research Lidar NETwork (EARLINET). Based on multi-wavelength Raman lidar systems, EARLINET is the only instrument worldwide that is able to provide dense time series of high-quality optical data to be used for aerosol typing and for the retrieval of particle microphysical properties as a function of altitude. In this work we show the four-dimensional (4-D) distribution of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud in the troposphere over Europe as observed by EARLINET during the entire volcanic event (15 April-26 May 2010). All optical properties directly measured (backscatter, extinction, and particle linear depolarization ratio) are stored in the EARLINET database available at www.earlinet.org. A specific relational database providing the volcanic mask over Europe, realized ad hoc for this specific event, has been developed and is available on request at www.earlinet.org. During the first days after the eruption, volcanic particles were detected over Central Europe within a wide range of altitudes, from the upper troposphere down to the local planetary boundary layer (PBL). After 19 April 2010, volcanic particles were detected over southern and south-eastern Europe. During the first half of May (5-15 May), material emitted by the Eyjafjallajökull volcano was detected over Spain and Portugal and then over the Mediterranean and the Balkans. The last observations of the event were recorded until 25 May in Central Europe and in the Eastern Mediterranean area. The 4-D distribution of volcanic aerosol layering and optical properties on European scale reported here provides an unprecedented data set for evaluating satellite data and aerosol dispersion models for this kind of volcanic events.Peer reviewe