Osservazioni sulla resistenza temporanea dei frutti di alcune specie di agrumi agli attacchi della <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> Wied. in Sardegna

The factors that determine the resistance of non ripen fruits of some species of citrus to the attack of Ceratitis capitata Wied. have been examined. After having ascertained the lethal action of essential oils on eggs, the containance work, exercised by the thickness and in higher measure by the albedo compactness in respect to the new-born larvae, has been pointed out.The citrus resistance to the development of the juvenile stages of the fly seems bound to the fruit ripening degree, resulting highest in the unripa fruits, both for the high number of glands of essential oils per unlt of flavedo surface and for the blgger thickness and compactness of albedo. With the approaching of the physlological ripening of fruits these elements of containance of infestations decrease, making the productlon more receptlve to the Trypetid's attacks. Among the citrus species examined, those resulted more susceptible to the autumnal attacks of Ceratitis capitata are clementines and grape-fruit, while tangerine and orange have showed an higher resistance. Among the considered orange cultivars, the late cultivars of Belladonna and Valencia are resulted the most resistant to the attacks. The larval development speed of C. capitata is resulted, under other conditions, taster in the cultivar of orange nearest to ripening and so at higher concentration of sugar. Besides the capability of Trypetid's females to choose the most dark coloured fruits for oviposition has been pointed out

Osservazioni su <i>Planococcus citri</i> (Risso) nelle coltivazioni agrumicole della Sardegna

Surveys carried out in various citrus growing areas of Sardinia, including the experimental groves of Simaxis (Oristano) and Siniscola (Nuoro), revealed massive infestations of Planococcus citri (Risso) and general precarious state of plant health. In order to improve the situation with a rational programme of integrated control, the etiology of the insect had to be thoroughly studied while, at the same time, various test systems of control were efected. Particular attention was given to population dynamics and species interrelationships. Depending on wintering stage and microclimate, P. citri was seen to produce 3-4 generations per annum in Sardinia, with fruit infestation begining in june when fruit diameters reached about 1 cm, the young larvae occupying exstremely protected positions. As natural control of the massive infestations proved ineffective by the indigenous parasites, (Leptomastidea Abnormis (Grlt.) and Anagyrus pseudococcl (Grlt.)), predators of the genus Crysopa and the coccidiphagous Coccinellids, (Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) and Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.)), resort was made to the introduction and dispersal of Cryptoaemus montrouzieri (Muls.) and Leptomastix dactylopii (How.). An important factor in determing fruit drop appeared to be the presence of Cryptoblabes gnidiella Milliére, whose larvae Iive in association with the citrus mealy bug. However, no significant cross-correlation was revealed by a statistical analysis of data relative to the percentage of fruit infested by P. citri and the percentage of fruit dropped during the same period. The first attempts at Integraling chemical and biological control enabled the number of chemical intero ventions to be greatly reduced

Un Nuovo aleurodide degli agrumi [<i>Parabemisia myricae</i> (Kuwana)] in Sardegna

Infestations of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) were first observed in Sardinian citrus growing areas during the summer 1992. Its rapid expansion threatens to endanger the integrated control tecniques successfully employed over the last few years, resorting to the massive application of pesticides previously used. This paper reports morphological characters for easily recognition of the pest and useful suggestions for its integrated control

Variazioni annuali dell'azoto, fosforo e potassio negli organi epigei delle drupacee in ambienti di coltura meridionali: nota 2.: albicocco « Nuggett »

Some observations were conducted on «Nuggett» apricot variety in arder to evaluate annual changes of N, P, K in various tree organs (flowerbuds, flowers and fruits; leaves and shoots) in relation to shoot and fruit growth. Total amount of N, P, K in flower-buds, flowers and fruits increased progressively during growth season. As percent of dry rnatter, on the contrary, mineral content of these organs in the same period decreascd. N, P and K leaf content (as percent of dry matter) decreased from spring-flush to leaf-fall; while percent mineral content of shoots increased from late summer to autumn and decreased from late autumn, to following spring-flush, flowering and fruit growth

Fitofagi di recente introduzione nelle colture agrumicole della Sardegna

In addition to the 23 species known to be present for some ti me in Sardinian citrus grove biocoenoses recent investigations revealed 16 additional phytophages, namely Dialeurodes citri (Ashm.), Aleurothrixus floccosus (Mask.), Aphis citricola v.d.G., Aphis gossypii Glov., Aphis craccivora Koch, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Macrosyphum euphorbiae (Thomasl), Aulacorthum solani (Kalt.), Pseudococcus calceolariae (Mask.), Pseudococcus longispinus Targ., Prays citri Mill., Myelois ceratoniae Zeli., Panonychus citri (Mc Greg.), Tetranychus urticale Koch, Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes, Lorryia Formosa Cooreman. The attention of the relative institutional bodies is drawn to pest introduction controls

Prototype of a Low-Cost Electronic Platform for Real Time Greenhouse Environment Monitoring: An Agriculture 4.0 Perspective

The Internet of Things has a high impact on upgrade and transformation of the traditional greenhouse agricultural techniques. It is necessary to control the environmental factors for obtaining the optimum growth conditions for the crop and extend the production season to get the optimum yield. These aspects are fundamental for Agriculture 4.0, that uses technology not simply for the sake of innovation but to improve and address the real needs of consumers. In this paper, a prototype of a low-cost electronic platform for real time greenhouse environment monitoring has been designed, developed and built. The prototype has been developed with the purpose of firmware and software prototyping, in order to make the most of device performances. The electronic board is composed by a Main Board, a Green House Core, aWi-Fi Module, a RS485 Module, an Analog-to-Digital Converter Module and a USB Module. The system permits to collect data by external sensors, elaborate and send them to external devices as laptop, smartphone and internet gateway, using both wired and wireless connection. These data concern to main greenhouse environmental parameters, such as air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, air velocity and CO2 concentration. AWeb application has been implemented to allow users a consultation of greenhouse environmental state in a simple and fast way

Osservazioni preliminari sul comportamento riproduttivo di Planococcus ficus e Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

No abstract availablePlanococcus citri (Risso) ha una modalit? di riproduzione tipicamente anfigonica e un sistema di determinazione del sesso basato sulla condensazione dell?assetto cromosomico di origine paterna nella linea maschile (Brown, 1966). Le osservazioni condotte su P. citri per verificare la possibilit? di riproduzione per partenogenesi sono contrastanti (Myers, 1932; Bodenheimer, 1951; Gray, 1954; Panis, 1969), mentre non risultano in letteratura indagini specifiche sulle modalit? di riproduzione di Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Queste informazioni assumono un?importanza fondamentale quando si intendono sperimentare tecniche di lotta, come la confusione sessuale o le catture massali di maschi, che possono risultare efficaci solo se la specie bersaglio si riproduce per via anfigonica. Viste anche le recenti sperimentazioni sulla lotta a P. ficus con la tecnica della confusione sessuale (Walton et al., 2006), si ? ritenuto utile condurre osservazioni sulla possibilit? di riproduzione partenogenetica delle due cocciniglie. A tal fine, per ciascuna specie, 300 neanidi di I-II et? sono state allevate singolarmente all?interno di contenitori in Plexiglas trasparente contenenti tre acini d?uva. I contenitori sono stati chiusi superiormente con tulle a maglie sufficientemente fitte da impedire l?ingresso dei maschi. Dalle neanidi di P. citri sono stati ottenuti 37 maschi e 40 femmine. Queste ultime, in assenza di accoppiamento, nel corso della loro vita adulta non hanno ovideposto; solo un individuo ha prodotto un abbozzo di ovisacco senza uova. Dalle neanidi di P. ficus sono stati ottenuti 86 maschi e 39 femmine. Questa specie ha mostrato la capacit? di riprodursi per partenogenesi. Infatti, pur non accoppiandosi, 9 femmine hanno deposto uova da cui sono sgusciate neanidi; altri 6 individui hanno formato solo ovisacchi privi di uova. Ulteriori studi sono in corso per verificare l?assenza di partenogenesi in P. citri e valutare il potenziale biotico di femmine partenogenetiche e fecondate in P. ficus

Solar Observations with Single-Dish INAF Radio Telescopes: Continuum Imaging in the 18 - 26 GHz Range

We present a new solar radio imaging system implemented through the upgrade of the large single-dish telescopes of the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), not originally conceived for solar observations

Is "option B+" also being adopted in pregnant women in high-income countries? Temporal trends from a national study in Italy

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Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research