Salary in pharmaceutical field

Catedra Economie, Management si Psihopedagogie în MedicinăThe paper includes time spent in the network survey of pharmacies "Felicia" and "Orient", where they were interviewed by pharmacists work placement (Group I) and students of the Medical University "N. Testemitanu”, Pharmacy Department (Group II). The purpose of the survey is to reveal the reasoning ability of the salary study influences of various factors on wage size and the degree of satisfaction of employees pharmacists. Respondents expressed their opinion on the following topics: types of salaries, salary tax, the current wage, real wage satisfaction and its influence on decision making. Lucrarea data cuprinde rezultatele sondajului petrecut in reţelele de farmacii „Felicia ” si „Orient”, unde au fost intervievaţi farmaciştii cu stagiul de munca (grupa I) şi studenţii din cadrul USMF ”N. Testemiţanu”, facultatea Farmacie (grupa II). Scopul sondajului este evidenţierea capacităţii de motivare a salariului, studiului influenţei diferitor factori asupra mărimii salariului si evidenţierea gradului de satisfacţie a salariaţilor farmacişti. Intervievaţii si-au exprimat opinia asupra următoarelor subiecte: formele de salarizare, impozitarea salariului, valoarea salariului actual, gradul de satisfacţie a salariului real şi influenţa lui asupra luării deciziilor

Risks and benefits of using medicinal plants in the Republic of Moldova

Catedra de Farmacognozie şi Botanică farmaceutică, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”The statistical-analytical study, based on the opinion testing, including 30 questions, applied on 120 persons, was done. It was established, that during the five years has increased the share of herbal users in the prophylaxis and treatment from 59% to 72%. Unfortunately the increased share of those who have been unsuccessful and the incidence of poisoning has doubled. Questionnaires revealed failure reasons in herbal application and herbal poisoning: lack of diagnosis, a specialist consultation neglect, self-medication, non rigors of administration, failure to acknowledge the toxicity of the vegetable drug, source and quality of vegetable drug. S-a efectuat un studiu statistico-analitic al chestionarelor cu 30 de subiecte, aplicate pe un eşantion de 120 de persoane. S-a stabilit că pe parcursul a 5 ani a sporit cota parte a utilizatorilor de plante medicinale în profilaxia şi tratamentul maladiilor de la 59% la 72%. Cu regret a sporit cota parte celor ce au înregistrat rezultate nesatisfăcătoare, iar incidenţa întoxicaţiilor s-a dublat. Analiza chestionarelor a pus în evidenţă motivele nereuşitei aplicării remediilor naturiste şi intoxicaţiilor: lipsa diagnosticului; neglijarea consultului unui specialist; automedicația, nerespectarea rigorilor de administrare, neconştientizarea toxicităţii produsului vegetal, sursa şi calitatea produsului vegetal etc

Study of physicochemical properties of a thiodiazol derivates with antimycobacterial acivities

Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological chemistry, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Republic of MoldovaIntroduction: Tuberculosis remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases affecting people in different social and age groups. The situation becomes even more complicated with the increasing number of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, where conventional therapy is no longer effective, and better antimycobacterial drugs either do not exist or are too expensive. The purpose of the study: Study of physicochemical properties of an anti-mycobacterial compound from the group ofthiodiazol derivates.Materials and methods: Melting point determining device Kruss KSP1N & KSP1D, drying cabinet, UV-VIS spectrophotometer, solvents and reagents in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia. Results: In collaboration with the laboratory of the Institute of Organic Synthesis Chemistry of RM, were synthesized 80 compounds substituted derivatives o f 5-aryl-1 ,3,4-oxadiazoles and thiourea, that were tested for anti-mycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis in the Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, USA. In the series studied, a major activity (MIC 98%) was recorded for the monosubstituted compound of thiourea with allyl fragment. This compound is shown to be a white powder, with yellow tinge or colorless crystals, specific odor and a bitter taste. There have been made physical and physico-chemical analysis to determine the properties of the compound studied: melting point (119.6°C); solubility - the substance is practically insoluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in methanol, soluble in chloroform, acetone, DMSO, DMFA, and acetonitrile. It was determined the water content and the loss on drying (Karl Fischer titration reagent and drying oven), which showed water content of the minor (0.0009% and 0.001%, respectively), which also indicates that the substance is not hygroscopic. Conclusions: Determined physicochemical properties of the studied compound will provide the support in the development of analytical methods and standardisation for this product

Food-drug interactions among the anticoagulant medicines

Catedra Chimie farmaceutică şi toxicologică, USMF ”Nicolae Testemiţanu” Laboratorul Analiza, Standardizare şi Controlul Medicamentelor al CŞDMThe food-drug interactions on the example of warfarin and two foods - garlic and ginger - were studied. It is shown, that concomitant administration of warfarin with increased consumption of garlic and ginger, leads to enhanced anticoagulant effect of warfarin with increased risk of bleeding. Is recommended to reduce consumption of these foods during the treatment with cumarinic anticoagulants. Au fost studiate interacţiunile medicament-aliment pe exemplul Warfarinei şi a două alimente - usturoiul şi ghimbirul. S-a demonstrat, că administrarea Warfarinei concomitent cu consumul sporit de usturoi şi ghimbir, duce la potenţarea efectului anticoagulant cu risc sporit de hemoragii. Se recomandă diminuarea consumului acestor alimente în timpul tratamentului cu anticoagulante cumarinice

Плейотропные эффекты денервирования ренальных артерии в артериальной гипертензии резистентная к лечению

IMSP Institutul de Cardiologie, Departamentul “ Hipertensiuni arteriale”, Spitalul Clinic de Recuperare Iași, secția Recuperare Cardiovasculară, USMF “Nicolae Testemițanu”, Facultatea de Farmacie, catedra de Farmacie Socială “Vasile Procopișin”, Facultatea Medicina GeneralăDenervarea arterelor renale reprezintă o metodă inovațională și de perspectivă în tratamentul hipertensiunii arteriale rezistente la tratament, care denotă aplicări tot mai vaste. În ultimii ani, această procedură induce interes nu numai ca o metodă de reducere suplimentară a tensiunii arteriale la pacienții care nu răspund la terapia standard cu antihipertensive, dar, de asemenea, și datorită efectelor sale pleiotrope asupra altor sindroame și patologii patogeneza cărora este asociată cu hiperactivitatea sistemului nervos simpatic. Articolul oferă o sinteză per ansamblu a studiilor clinice de denervare renală cu diabet zaharat, hipertrofi e ventriculară stângă, insuficiență cardiacă congestivă, fibrilație atrială și boala renală cronică. În pofida rezultatelor contradictorii ale studiilor de denervare renale la pacienții cu hipertensiune arterială, se atestă impactul pozitiv al procedurii asupra metabolismului glucidic, dinamica hipertrofiei ventriculare stângi și a fracției de ejecție. Există tot mai multe date despre siguranța denervării renale în boala cronică renală. În prezent, sunt în derulare diverse studii în cohorta de pacienți care implică denervarea renală. Denervation of renal arteries is an innovative and forward-looking method in the treatment of resistant hypertension, which denotes widening applications. In recent years, this procedure is of interest not only as a method of further reducing blood pressure in patients who are not responding to standard antihypertensive therapy but also due to its pleiotropic effects on other syndromes and pathogenesis to which it is associated hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. The article provides a synthesis of clinical trials of renal denervation with diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. Despite the contradictory results of renal denervation studies in patients with hypertension, the positive impact of the procedure on glucose metabolism, left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction is confirmed. There is more and more data on the safety of renal denervation in chronic renal disease. Currently, there are various studies in the cohort of patients involving renal denervation. Денервация почечных артерий является новаторским и перспективным методом лечения резистентной гипертонической болезни. В последние годы эта процедура представляет интерес не только как метод снижения артериального давления у пациентов которые не реагируют на стандартную антигипертензивную терапию, но также из-за ее плейотропного воздействия на другие синдромы и патогенез патологии, с которыми она связана- как к примеру гиперактивность симпатической нервной системы. В статье представлен синтез клинических испытаний почечной денервации у пациентов с сахарном диабетом, гипертрофией левого желудочка, застойной сердечной недостаточностью, фибрилляцией предсердий и хронической болезнью почек. Несмотря на противоречивые результаты исследований по денервации почек у пациентов с гипертонией, подтверждается положительное влияние процедуры на метаболизм глюкозы, гипертрофию левого желудочка и фракцию выброса. Все больше данных появляются о безопасности денервации почек при хронической почечной болезни. В настоящее время существуют различные исследования в когорте пациентов с почечной денервацией

Плейотропные эффекты денервирования ренальных артерии в артериальной гипертензии резистентная к лечению

IMSP Institutul de Cardiologie, Departamentul “ Hipertensiuni arteriale”, Spitalul Clinic de Recuperare Iași, secția Recuperare Cardiovasculară, USMF “Nicolae Testemițanu”, Facultatea de Farmacie, catedra de Farmacie Socială “Vasile Procopișin”, Facultatea Medicina GeneralăDenervarea arterelor renale reprezintă o metodă inovațională și de perspectivă în tratamentul hipertensiunii arteriale rezistente la tratament, care denotă aplicări tot mai vaste. În ultimii ani, această procedură induce interes nu numai ca o metodă de reducere suplimentară a tensiunii arteriale la pacienții care nu răspund la terapia standard cu antihipertensive, dar, de asemenea, și datorită efectelor sale pleiotrope asupra altor sindroame și patologii patogeneza cărora este asociată cu hiperactivitatea sistemului nervos simpatic. Articolul oferă o sinteză per ansamblu a studiilor clinice de denervare renală cu diabet zaharat, hipertrofi e ventriculară stângă, insuficiență cardiacă congestivă, fibrilație atrială și boala renală cronică. În pofida rezultatelor contradictorii ale studiilor de denervare renale la pacienții cu hipertensiune arterială, se atestă impactul pozitiv al procedurii asupra metabolismului glucidic, dinamica hipertrofiei ventriculare stângi și a fracției de ejecție. Există tot mai multe date despre siguranța denervării renale în boala cronică renală. În prezent, sunt în derulare diverse studii în cohorta de pacienți care implică denervarea renală. Denervation of renal arteries is an innovative and forward-looking method in the treatment of resistant hypertension, which denotes widening applications. In recent years, this procedure is of interest not only as a method of further reducing blood pressure in patients who are not responding to standard antihypertensive therapy but also due to its pleiotropic effects on other syndromes and pathogenesis to which it is associated hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. The article provides a synthesis of clinical trials of renal denervation with diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. Despite the contradictory results of renal denervation studies in patients with hypertension, the positive impact of the procedure on glucose metabolism, left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction is confirmed. There is more and more data on the safety of renal denervation in chronic renal disease. Currently, there are various studies in the cohort of patients involving renal denervation. Денервация почечных артерий является новаторским и перспективным методом лечения резистентной гипертонической болезни. В последние годы эта процедура представляет интерес не только как метод снижения артериального давления у пациентов которые не реагируют на стандартную антигипертензивную терапию, но также из-за ее плейотропного воздействия на другие синдромы и патогенез патологии, с которыми она связана- как к примеру гиперактивность симпатической нервной системы. В статье представлен синтез клинических испытаний почечной денервации у пациентов с сахарном диабетом, гипертрофией левого желудочка, застойной сердечной недостаточностью, фибрилляцией предсердий и хронической болезнью почек. Несмотря на противоречивые результаты исследований по денервации почек у пациентов с гипертонией, подтверждается положительное влияние процедуры на метаболизм глюкозы, гипертрофию левого желудочка и фракцию выброса. Все больше данных появляются о безопасности денервации почек при хронической почечной болезни. В настоящее время существуют различные исследования в когорте пациентов с почечной денервацией

Calet upper limits on X-RAY and GAMMA-RAY counterparts of GW151226

We present upper limits in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands at the time of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) gravitational-wave event GW151226 derived from the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) observation. The main instrument of CALET, CALorimeter (CAL), observes gamma-rays from ∼1 GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of ∼2 sr. The CALET gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM) views ∼3 sr and ∼2π sr of the sky in the 7 keV-1 MeV and the 40 keV-20 MeV bands, respectively, by using two different scintillator-based instruments. The CGBM covered 32.5% and 49.1% of the GW151226 sky localization probability in the 7 keV-1 MeV and 40 keV-20 MeV bands respectively. We place a 90% upper limit of 2 ×10-7 erg cm-2 s-1 in the 1-100 GeV band where CAL reaches 15% of the integrated LIGO probability (∼1.1 sr). The CGBM 7σ upper limits are 1.0 ×10-6 erg cm-2 s-1 (7-500 keV) and 1.8 ×10-6 erg cm-2 s-1 (50-1000 keV) for a 1 s exposure. Those upper limits correspond to the luminosity of 3-5 ×1049 erg s-1, which is significantly lower than typical short GRBs

Gamma-ray and radio properties of six pulsars detected by the fermi large area telescope

We report the detection of pulsed γ-rays for PSRs J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, and J1718-3825 using the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly known as GLAST). Although these six pulsars are diverse in terms of their spin parameters, they share an important feature: their γ-ray light curves are (at least given the current count statistics) single peaked. For two pulsars, there are hints for a double-peaked structure in the light curves. The shapes of the observed light curves of this group of pulsars are discussed in the light of models for which the emission originates from high up in the magnetosphere. The observed phases of the γ-ray light curves are, in general, consistent with those predicted by high-altitude models, although we speculate that the γ-ray emission of PSR J0659+1414, possibly featuring the softest spectrum of all Fermi pulsars coupled with a very low efficiency, arises from relatively low down in the magnetosphere. High-quality radio polarization data are available showing that all but one have a high degree of linear polarization. This allows us to place some constraints on the viewing geometry and aids the comparison of the γ-ray light curves with high-energy beam models

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications