GCC labor market, education and Generation y females: A match or mismatch?

© 2019 Journal of International Women\u27s Studies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the convergence between the current state of education, labor markets\u27\u27 preparedness, and expectations of Generation Y females taking Bahrain as a case study. Generation Y is defined as the group of people aged 30 years and under. Although Generation Y is a worldwide phenomenon and members of this generational group share certain characteristics globally, in Gulf Cooperation Council countries [GCC] they display strong pressure to succeed, a need of gaining a high salary but also to acquire knowledge and expertise; and a preference for a strong work-life balance. In addition, in the workplace they seek peer orientation of the superiors rather than sheer respect for hierarchy; the latter is especially visible among the female population. The quickly modernized and globalized world created a generation with worldviews distinctive from the generation of their parents and this is especially visible in the GCC region that has been undergoing profound changes in the last decades with more and more women entering the labor market. GCC countries are at a stage where the transformation of their labor markets remains of utmost importance; hence this paper will shed light on the current trends and provide recommendations for future reforms

Making the best use of consultants in the GCC

Falling oil prices have forced the GCC countries to revise or, in the case of Saudi Arabia, launch their economic visions, creating a potentially important role for consultants. According to Global Research Saudi Arabia’s consulting market expanded by 14.8 percent to $1.25 billion in 2015, accounting for almost half of the robust GCC consulting market, which itself grew by 9.4 percent. How can the GCC countries get the best out of the expert advice on offer

Bridging the Gap Between Gulf Higher Education and Labor Market in Industry 4.0

This chapter elaborates on the key findings presented in the manuscript and identifies the main channels and dynamics through which GCC countries can bridge the gap between education development and increasingly dynamic labor market needs. It places the current development in the higher education sector and labor policy in the context of Industry 4.0. The chapter also defines the types of jobs associated with Industry 4.0, while attempting to foresee the prospect of such jobs and related skills in the Gulf region. As the impact of investment on education may take a generation or two to be realized, we wonder how and to what extent will the Gulf countries be able to lessen their heavy dependence on expatriate workers and build a scalable, formidable, skillful national workforce capable of fully engaging in the development process

The Nexus Between Higher Education, Labour Market, and Industry 4.0 in the Context of the Arab Gulf States

Higher education plays an important role in human capital development. It advances knowledge, development of creative ideas, innovative methods, and equips students and graduates with soft skills that are critical to the job market. Countries are heavily investing in education infrastructure, building new universities, expanding existing academic institutions, and scientific and computer laboratories for research and development. The six member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are not an exception. They created new education cities, permitted private investment in higher education, issued laws to regulate private universities and colleges, and increased the number of students enrolled in higher academic institutions. In this chapter, we attempt to provide a conceptual analysis of the main characteristics of the higher education and labour market in the Gulf region. We also explain the motivations behind investing heavily in higher education infrastructure, human capital development, and job creation. We aim to provide a background and an introduction to the comprehensive coverage and analysis of the higher education sector and its relation to the labour market. We argue that despite the significant investments made in this sector, there is a gap between the educational outputs and types of skills required in the increasingly globalized Gulf labour market. We end by underscoring the changing role of universities in developing curricula and human resources that match the requirements of industry 4.0 technologies

Open Notebook Science Challenge: Solubilities of Organic Compounds in Organic Solvents

This book contains the results of the Open Notebook Science Solubility Challenge. All experimental measurements are provided with a link to either the laboratory notebook page where the experiment was carried out or to a literature reference. The Challenge was sponsored by Submeta, Nature and Sigma-Aldrich

Open Notebook Science Challenge: Solubilities of Organic Compounds in Organic Solvents

This book contains the results of the Open Notebook Science Solubility Challenge. All experimental measurements are provided with a link to either the laboratory notebook page where the experiment was carried out or to a literature reference. The Challenge was sponsored by Submeta, Nature and Sigma-Aldrich

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

A prognostic index for operable, node-negative breast cancer

Clinical data and samples from patients diagnosed, more than 10 years previously, with operable node-negative breast cancer (participants in the Scottish Adjuvant Tamoxifen trial), were revisited, Cases with two distinct categories of outcome were selected; more than 10 years disease-free survival ('good outcome') or distant relapse within 6 years of diagnosis ('poor outcome'). An initial set of cases was analysed for a range of putative prognostic markers and a prognostic index, distinguishing the two outcome categories, was calculated. This index was then validated by testing its predictive power on a second, independent set of cases. A combination of histological grade plus immunochemical staining for BCL-2, p27 and Cyclin D 1, generated a useful prognostic index for tamoxifen-treated patients but not for those treated by surgery alone, The value of the index was confirmed in a second set of tamoxifen-treated, early stage breast cancers. Over-all, it correctly predicted good and poor outcome in 79 and 74% of cases, respectively (odds ratio 11.0). Other markers assessed added little to prediction of outcome. In the case of molecular assays, sensitivity and reliability were compromised by the age of the tissue specimens and the variability of fixation protocols. In selecting patients for adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, the proposed index improves considerably on current international guidelines and matches the performance reported for 'gene-expression signature' analysis. (C) 2004 Cancer Research UK.</p