Expanding the role of young people in research: Towards a better understanding of their lives

The participation of young people in the research process can be empowering for the participants and valuable for the research outcomes. This paper presents the methods used and outcomes of involving youth in the development of priorities for the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Ireland.Two participative workshops were conducted with young people: the first focused on identifiying what is important for people to understand about young people’s lives; the second served to expand and prioritise the themes identified, for the purpose of developing questionnaire items. Following idea generation, discussion and voting four themes emerged as priorities. These were; ‘Diversity and Individuality’, ‘Independence’, ‘Mental Health’ and ‘Bullying’.The process enabled young people to prioritise dimensions of their lives that deserved further quantitative research attention. The findings of the study identify the potential of such a methodology to transform the path of any research project concerning young people

What are the Factors Influencing Service Provider Response to Working with Families Affected by Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse? A Qualitative Systematic Review of the Literature

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.Purpose: Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) is a major public health issue with long-term negative impacts on abused adults and affected children. Addressing this complex problem requires a multi-agency response, but barriers to effective joint working remain. This review aimed to understand the factors that influence multi-agency response to families who experience IPVA and to their children. Method: We undertook a qualitative systematic review of international literature via five electronic databases and supplemented the review by citation searches, online searches of grey literature, and hand searches of relevant journals. We analyzed data thematically. Results: The 31 identified papers reported findings from 29 unique studies undertaken in six countries and drew on data from 1049 professionals across health care, social care, the police, courts, schools and voluntary organisations. The main factors influencing service provider response to IPVA were siloed approaches to IPVA, particularly the separation between adult and childrens services. This influenced assessment and response to risk. Risk was also a consideration when child-protection staff were expected to work with perpetrators in ‘family settings’, even in lower-risk cases. Multi-agency working facilitated information sharing between agencies, an understanding of each other’s remit, and building trust. Conclusion: Multi-agency collaboration needs to be supported by clear policies of interaction between agencies. Providers of child protection services, health, mental health, housing police and probation need to be supported by specialist training in IPVA, not only in high-risk cases, but also to relieve pressure on an already overstretched workforce

Roy-Steiner-equation analysis of pion-nucleon scattering

We review the structure of Roy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering, the solution for the partial waves of the t-channel process $\pi\pi\to \bar N N$, as well as the high-accuracy extraction of the pion-nucleon S-wave scattering lengths from data on pionic hydrogen and deuterium. We then proceed to construct solutions for the lowest partial waves of the s-channel process $\pi N\to \pi N$ and demonstrate that accurate solutions can be found if the scattering lengths are imposed as constraints. Detailed error estimates of all input quantities in the solution procedure are performed and explicit parameterizations for the resulting low-energy phase shifts as well as results for subthreshold parameters and higher threshold parameters are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the extraction of the pion-nucleon $\sigma$-term via the Cheng-Dashen low-energy theorem, including the role of isospin-breaking corrections, to obtain a precision determination consistent with all constraints from analyticity, unitarity, crossing symmetry, and pionic-atom data. We perform the matching to chiral perturbation theory in the subthreshold region and detail the consequences for the chiral convergence of the threshold parameters and the nucleon mass.Comment: 101 pages, 28 figures; journal versio

What are the Factors Influencing Service Provider Response to Working with Families Affected by Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse? A Qualitative Systematic Review of the Literature

Purpose Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) is a major public health issue with long-term negative impacts on abused adults and affected children. Addressing this complex problem requires a multi-agency response, but barriers to effective joint working remain. This review aimed to understand the factors that influence multi-agency response to families who experience IPVA and to their children. Method We undertook a qualitative systematic review of international literature via five electronic databases and supplemented the review by citation searches, online searches of grey literature, and hand searches of relevant journals. We analyzed data thematically. Results The 31 identified papers reported findings from 29 unique studies undertaken in six countries and drew on data from 1049 professionals across health care, social care, the police, courts, schools and voluntary organisations. The main factors influencing service provider response to IPVA were siloed approaches to IPVA, particularly the separation between adult and childrens services. This influenced assessment and response to risk. Risk was also a consideration when child-protection staff were expected to work with perpetrators in ‘family settings’, even in lower-risk cases. Multi-agency working facilitated information sharing between agencies, an understanding of each other’s remit, and building trust. Conclusion Multi-agency collaboration needs to be supported by clear policies of interaction between agencies. Providers of child protection services, health, mental health, housing police and probation need to be supported by specialist training in IPVA, not only in high-risk cases, but also to relieve pressure on an already overstretched workforce

Expanding the role of young people in research: towards a better understanding of their lives.

The participation of young people in the research process can be empowering for the participants and valuable for the research outcomes. This paper presents the methods used and outcomes of involving youth in the development of priorities for the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Ireland. Two participative workshops were conducted with young people: the first focused on identifiying what is important for people to understand about young people’s lives; the second served to expand and prioritise the themes identified, for the purpose of developing questionnaire items. Following idea generation, discussion and voting four themes emerged as priorities. These were; ‘Diversity and Individuality’, ‘Independence’, ‘Mental Health’ and ‘Bullying’. The process enabled young people to prioritise dimensions of their lives that deserved further quantitative research attention. The findings of the study identify the potential of such a methodology to transform the path of any research project concerning young people

Expanding the role of young people in research: Towards a better understanding of their lives

The participation of young people in the research process can be empowering for the participants and valuable for the research outcomes. This paper presents the methods used and outcomes of involving youth in the development of priorities for the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Ireland.Two participative workshops were conducted with young people: the first focused on identifiying what is important for people to understand about young people’s lives; the second served to expand and prioritise the themes identified, for the purpose of developing questionnaire items. Following idea generation, discussion and voting four themes emerged as priorities. These were; ‘Diversity and Individuality’, ‘Independence’, ‘Mental Health’ and ‘Bullying’.The process enabled young people to prioritise dimensions of their lives that deserved further quantitative research attention. The findings of the study identify the potential of such a methodology to transform the path of any research project concerning young people

Expanding the role of young people in research: towards a better understanding of their lives.

The participation of young people in the research process can be empowering for the participants and valuable for the research outcomes. This paper presents the methods used and outcomes of involving youth in the development of priorities for the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Ireland. Two participative workshops were conducted with young people: the first focused on identifiying what is important for people to understand about young people’s lives; the second served to expand and prioritise the themes identified, for the purpose of developing questionnaire items. Following idea generation, discussion and voting four themes emerged as priorities. These were; ‘Diversity and Individuality’, ‘Independence’, ‘Mental Health’ and ‘Bullying’. The process enabled young people to prioritise dimensions of their lives that deserved further quantitative research attention. The findings of the study identify the potential of such a methodology to transform the path of any research project concerning young people.peer-reviewe

Juvenile stress exerts sex-independent effects on anxiety, antidepressant-like behaviours and dopaminergic innervation of the prelimbic cortex in adulthood and does not alter hippocampal neurogenesis

Stress, particularly during childhood, is a major risk factor for the development of depression. Depression is twice as prevalent in women compared to men, which suggests that biological sex also contributes to depression susceptibility. However, the neurobiology underpinning sex differences in the long-term consequences of childhood stress remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether stress applied during the prepubertal juvenile period (postnatal day 27–29) in rats induces sex-specific changes in anxiety-like behaviour, anhedonia, and antidepressant-like behaviour in adulthood in males and females. The impact of juvenile stress on two systems in the brain associated with these behaviours and that develop during the juvenile period, the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system and hippocampal neurogenesis, were also investigated. Juvenile stress altered escape-oriented behaviours in the forced swim test in both sexes, decreased latency to drink a palatable substance in a novel environment in the novelty-induced hypophagia test in both sexes, and decreased open field supported rearing behavior in females. These behavioural changes were accompanied by stress-induced increases in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of both sexes, but not other regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Juvenile stress did not impact anhedonia in adulthood as measured by the saccharin preference test and had no effect hippocampal neurogenesis across the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. These results suggest that juvenile stress has long-lasting impacts on antidepressant-like and reward-seeking behaviour in adulthood and these changes may be due to alterations to catecholaminergic innervation of the medial prefrontal cortex

Protocol: A systematic review of qualitative studies exploring service providers’ and practitioners’ experiences and attitudes of responding to parents and their children who are victims/survivors or perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA).

Review question Q1: What are the factors that influence individual service provider response to parents who are victims/survivors and/or perpetrators of IPVA and their exposed children? Q2: What are the factors that influence the way in which agencies work together in response to parents who are victims, survivors and/or perpetrators of IPVA and their exposed children? Searches We will search the international literature using electronic databases: MEDLINE (OVID), PsychoINFO (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Applied Social Science Index and Abstract (ASSIA) (ProQuest). Searches will be limited to publication dates ranging from of 2004-2022 to capture literature that is relevant to current legislation, such as the Children Act (2004), The Care Act (2014), the Children Act 1989 guidance and regulations (2021) and the Domestic Abuse Act (2021), which is the context in which service providers operate. Types of study to be included The review will include qualitative studies using narrative data to report approaches to service provision for adults and children affected by IPVA. Studies with at least some qualitative data collection, analysis, and reporting will be included. Studies including only quantitative methods, analysis and reporting will be excluded. Condition or domain being studied The condition being studied is Professional Practice in relation to Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA) when it includes working with parents and children (up to 18 years of age) who experience IPVA. We will include papers which discuss factors including, but not limited to, the primary mandate of service providers, core components of working with affected parents and their children (as determined by models of service provision, processes, enablers, constraints and outcomes at individual, organisational and systems level), and service providers’ staff perceptions of service delivery. Participants/population Study participants will be practitioners, professionals and managers in adult social care, child social care, the police, primary care, A&E, mental health teams, services involved in Multi Agency Risk Assessments (MARACs), voluntary organisations offering specialist services to parents and/or child victims/survivors and/or perpetrators of intimate violence and abuse and any other relevant service reported in included papers. Specialist services include the provision of housing for, and counselling of, adults and children affected by IPVA. Peer support groups where a practitioner does not provide the intervention would be excluded. Intervention(s), exposure(s) The review will look for service responses/interventions related to parental IPVA. The Domestic Abuse Act of 2021 defines domestic violence as “physical or sexual abuse, violent or threatening behaviour, controlling or coercive behaviour, economic abuse, psychological, and/or emotional or other abuse. It does not matter whether the behaviour consists of a single incident or a course of conduct”. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Comparator(s)/control Not applicabl