Rubin-Euclid Derived Data Products:Initial Recommendations

This report is the result of a joint discussion between the Rubin and Euclid scientific communities. The work presented in this report was focused on designing and recommending an initial set of Derived Data products (DDPs) that could realize the science goals enabled by joint processing. All interested Rubin and Euclid data rights holders were invited to contribute via an online discussion forum and a series of virtual meetings. Strong interest in enhancing science with joint DDPs emerged from across a wide range of astrophysical domains: Solar System, the Galaxy, the Local Volume, from the nearby to the primaeval Universe, and cosmology

Les politiques vivrières en Côte d’Ivoire entre mythe de la révolution verte et logique de l’État rentier

Depuis l’époque coloniale, les pouvoirs publics, comme de nombreux analystes du développement, ont opposé les objectifs d’autosuffisance vivrière de la Côte d’Ivoire et l’essor du secteur agro-exportateur. Cet antagonisme semble pourtant infirmé par la concentration dans la zone forestière, pourvoyeuse de café et de cacao, de la plus grande partie de la production et des échanges d’aliments (Chaléard, 1994). Il n’en a pas moins justifié une forte intervention de l’État dans le secteur de l’ap..

La iatrogénie médicamenteuse en cardiologie (à propos d'une étude réalisée au CHRU [centre hospitalier régional universitaire] de Tours en 2003,stratégie de prévention du pharmacien )

Cette thèse propose une revue des pathologies iatrogènes fréquemment provoquées par la thérapeutique médicamenteuse dans le domaine de la cardiologie. Elle s'appuie sur une étude de 4 mois réalisée au cours de la cinquième année hospitalo-universitaire des études de pharmacie, dans un service hospitalier de cardiologie du CHRU de Tours. Les résultats prennent en compte 41 cas de iatrogénie médicamenteuse relevés lors de l'admission des patients dans le service ou apparus au cours de leurs hospitalisations. Ce travail a permis de repérer les médicaments à visée cardio-vasculaire le plus souvent impliqués dans les accidents iatrogènes médicamenteux : diurétiques, bêtabloquants et inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion. Cette étude tente d'expliquer les mécanismes conduisant à l'apparition de ces accidents et milite pour les combattre en étudiant les méthodes de bon usage des médicaments. Enfin, elle établit le rôle du pharmacien dans la prévention de la iatrogénie médicamenteuse, à travers le développement des outils de contrôle des prescriptions : opinion pharmaceutique, dossier patient informatisé, réseaux de santé.TOURS-BU Sciences Pharmacie (372612104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Focal laser ablation as clinical treatment of prostate cancer: Report from a Delphi consensus project

Purpose: To define the role of focal laser ablation (FLA) as clinical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) using the Delphi consensus method. Methods: A panel of international experts in the field of focal therapy (FT) in PCa conducted a collaborative consensus project using the Delphi method. Experts were invited to online questionnaires focusing on patient selection and treatment of PCa with FLA during four subsequent rounds. After each round, outcomes were displayed, and questionnaires were modified based on the comments provided by panelists. Results were finalized and discussed during face-to-face meetings. Results: Thirty-seven experts agreed to participate, and consensus was achieved on 39/43 topics. Clinically significant PCa (csPCa) was defined as any volume Grade Group 2 [Gleason score (GS) 3+4]. Focal therapy was specified as treatment of all csPCa and can be considered primary treatment as an alternative to radical treatment in carefully selected patients. In patients with intermediate-risk PCa (GS 3+4) as well as patients with MRI-visible and biopsy-confirmed local recurrence, FLA is optimal for targeted ablation of a specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible focus. However, FLA should not be applied to candidates for active surveillance and close follow-up is required. Suitability for FLA is based on tumor volume, location to vital structures, GS, MRI-visibility, and biopsy confirmation. Conclusion: Focal laser ablation is a promising technique for treatment of clinically localized PCa and should ideally be performed within approved clinical trials. So far, only few studies have reported on FLA and further validation with longer follow-up is mandatory before widespread clinical implementation is justified

Les paysans, l’état et le marché

Dans le prolongement de l’ouvrage Les paysans peuvent-ils nourrir le tiers-monde? (Publications de la Sorbonne, 1995), les auteurs centrent ici l’analyse sur les implications pour les petits producteurs familiaux ou paysans des politiques de libéralisation économique mises en œuvre à l’échelle mondiale depuis le début des années 1980. La première partie étudie les modalités de passage d’une régulation de l’agriculture dominée par les interventions de l’Etat à une régulation centrée sur le marché. Dans la deuxième partie sont examinées les conséquences de cette mutation pour les producteurs ruraux, c’est-à-dire les relations entre les forces de décomposition ou de différenciation des paysanneries et leurs dynamiques de résistance ou d’adaptation. La troisième partie s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux processus d’organisation des paysans et à leurs actions collectives. Par-delà la très grande diversité des situations en Afrique, en Amérique latine, en Asie et en Europe, les analyses comparatives font ressortir les capacités d’innovation économique, sociale et politique des sociétés paysannes, mais aussi l’urgence d’un projet de développement qui aille au-delà de leur subordination à l’Etat ou de leur soumission au marché

IMPact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the moRTAlity of kidney transplant recipients and candidates in a French Nationwide registry sTudy (IMPORTANT)

International audienceEnd stage kidney disease increase the risk of COVID-19 related death but how the kidney replacement strategy should be adapted during the pandemic is unknown. Chronic hemodialysis makes social distancing difficult to achieve. Alternatively, kidney transplantation could increase the severity of COVID-19 due to therapeutic immunosuppression and contribute to saturation of intensive care units. For these reasons, kidney transplantation was suspended in France during the first epidemic wave. Here, we retrospectively evaluated this strategy by comparing the overall and COVID-19 related mortality in kidney transplant recipients and candidates over the last three years. Cross-interrogation of two national registries for the period 1 March and 1 June 2020, identified 275 deaths among the 42812 kidney transplant recipients and 144 deaths among the 16210 candidates. This represents an excess of deaths for both populations, as compared with the same period the two previous years (mean of two previous years: 253 in recipients and 112 in candidates). This difference was integrally explained by COVID-19, which accounted for 44% (122) and 42% (60) of the deaths in recipients and candidates, respectively. Taking into account the size of the two populations and the geographical heterogeneity of virus circulation, we found that the excess of risk of death due to COVID-19 was similar for recipients and candidates in high viral risk area but four-fold higher for candidates in the low viral risk area. Thus, in case of a second epidemic wave, kidney transplantation should be suspended in high viral risk areas but maintained outside those areas, both to reduce the excess of deaths of candidates and avoid wasting precious resources

The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements

International audienceDuring the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing theinvestigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usualsummer minimum in CO2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas mostaffected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’