Determining Pesticide and Nitrate Levels in Spring Water in Northwest Arkansas

Occurrences of pesticides in our nations ground water are on the rise. As states become aware of this problem and begin monitoring programs, incidence of contamination will probably increase. Since the problem of pesticides in groundwater is relatively new, little research has centered on the fate of pesticides after they reach the groundwater environment. In Northwest Arkansas efforts to monitor groundwater for pesticides have been small. Twenty-five springs in Northwest Arkansas were sampled in the fall of 1988, and spring of 1989. Analysis for atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, diuron, and simazine in spring water was preformed using gas liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. No detectable residues of any of the selected pesticides were found. Northwest Arkansas is a leader in poultry production. Much of the manure from poultry houses is spread on the sourounding pastures. As this litter decomposes nitrates and phosphates are released. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations were also determined on water from the spring samples. No spring exceeded the EPA\u27s limit of 45 mg/L for nitrate in drinking water. The highest concentration for phosphate in any spring was 1.05 mg/L

Vaudeville: A High Performance, Voice-Activated Teleconferencing Application

We present a voice-activated, hands-off, ATM-based video conferencing application. The application, called Vaudeville, features high quality NTSC video, voice-activated audio transmission, audio bridging of two audio streams, and voice-activated video switching. It supports multiple simultaneous multi-party conferences using a scalable multicast mechanism. We describe how Vaudeville was built using a component-based distributed programming environment. We also describe the algorithms used to contorl the audio and video of the applciation. Audio and video are encoded in hardware using an ATM hardware multimedia interface

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Node Controller Managed Object (NCMO) and Node Controller COmmunication Protocol (NCCP

With the development of ATM technology and increasing deployment of ATM networks, we anticipate a heterogenous environment for an ATM network. Switches and client stations from different vendors, each with potentially different control mechanisms, will be used within the same network. This diversity of control structures introduces great complexity into the development of ATM control software. In this and associated other documents, we propose a software architecture that manages this heterogenous environment. A key aspect of the software design is that the hardware details of a switch and its control mechanism is encapsulated in a low level software module called the Switch Controller (SC). The Node Controller Communication Protocol (NCCP) is presented that allows higher layer software modules to communicate with the SC. The NCCP is general enough to support general multipoint-to-multipoint communications. A general interface to the NCCP, the Node Controller Managed Object (NCMO) is also presented. The NCMO is an Application Programming Interface (API) to the NCCP for the higher level software modules. The development of the NCMO and the NCCP allows the higher layer modules to operate on an abstract switch model and not have to understand the details of every possible hardware switch that might be present in the network. This partitioning of functionality provides a clean interface between software modules and hence, a viable software architecture for the control of a heterogenous set of switches. 1.This document was originally part of the GBNSC document, the first draft of which was written by Ken Cox. 1

Jammer Language Description: A Script Language for GigaBit Switch Testing

This paper describes the Jammer script language, a scripting language designed for testing of prototype ATM switches designed at Washington University. Jammer provides a flexible, dynamic environment for intelligent prototype switch testing by enabling programmatic bit-level control of registers, tables, and cells within the switch. Jammer Language Description Washington WASHINGTON.UNIVERSITY.IN.ST.LOUIS Applied Research Laboratory 1:0.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2:0.0 Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 3:0.0 Language Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 3:1:0 Program Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3:1:1 A Basic Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3:1:2 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3:1:3 Variable Declaration..

A Review of Candidates for a Validation Data Set for High-Assay Low-Enrichment Uranium Fuels

Many advanced reactor concept designs rely on high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) fuel, enriched up to approximately 19.75% 235U by weight. Efforts are underway by the US government to increase HALEU production in the United States to meet anticipated needs. However, very few data exist for validation of computational models that include HALEU, beyond a few fresh fuel benchmark specifications in the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project. Nevertheless, there are other data with potential value available for developing into quality benchmarks for use in data- and software-validation efforts. This paper reviews the available evaluated HALEU fuel benchmarks and some of the potentially relevant benchmarks for fresh highly enriched uranium. It then introduces experimental data for HALEU fuel irradiated at Idaho National Laboratory, from relatively recent irradiation programs at the Advanced Test Reactor. Such data should be evaluated and, if valuable, collected into detailed benchmark specifications to meet the needs of HALEU-based reactor designers

A Call Model For Multipoint Communication in Switched Networks

We describe a call model for multipoint communication in switched networks. The model provides network clients with dynamic multipoint, multiconnection communication channels, which we term calls. Clients create, manage and manipulate calls using our Connection Management Access Protocol (CMAP). The call model provides basic interconnection services suitable for local and wide area networks, where more sophisticated services can be layered over this substrate. From: ICC `92: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pages 609-615, June 1992. sent by one client is received by all other clients who have elected to receive on this cell pipe. Cell pipes are implemented in the ATM network by setting up low level connections between each switch traversed by the cell pipe. When a cell arrives at a switch, its VPI/VCI is examined and used to route the cell to the appropriate output link. The VPI/VCI is then updated so as to be meaningful to the next switch on its ro..

GBNSC: The GigaBit Network Switch Controller

The GigaBit Network Switch Controller (GBNSC) is a process which controls the Washington University Gigabit Switch (WUGS) using in-band ATM control cells. The GBNSC is being developed by the Applied Research Laboratory (ARL) of Washington University in St. Louis. This document describes the design and implementation of the GBNSC and is intended for use by those interested in the functionality of the switch controller as well as developers who may be called on to update or maintain it. Version Notes: Version 1.0: All Ken Cox Version 1.1: John’s additions. More NCMO details