The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).Peer reviewe

MEASURING THE GROWTH RATE OF STRUCTURE AROUND COSMIC VOIDS

International audienceRedshift Space Distortions (RSD) can be used to measure the growth rate ofcosmic structure and thus constrain theories of gravity. The void-galaxy crosscorrelation function exhibits an anisotropy indicative of linear RSD. In thisproceedings we introduce a model for linear RSD around cosmic voids that allowsthe centres of voids to have peculiar velocities. We apply this model to publicGalaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey data. Our results suggest that voidcentres do indeed have peculiar velocities

Cosmological constraints from cosmic homogeneity

In this paper, we study the normalised characteristic scale of transition to cosmic homogeneity, $\mathcal{R}_H/d_V$, as a cosmological probe. We use a compilation of SDSS galaxy samples, comprising more than $10^6$ galaxies in the redshift range $0.17 \leq z \leq 2.2$ within the largest comoving volume to date, $\sim 8 h^{-3}\mathrm{Gpc}^3$. We show that these samples can be described by a single bias model as a function of redshift. By combining our measurements with prior Cosmic Microwave Background and Lensing information from the Planck satellite, we constrain the total matter density ratio of the universe, $\Omega_m = 0.363 \pm 0.025$, and the Dark Energy density ratio, $\Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.649 \pm 0.021$, improving the values from Planck alone by 31% and 28%, respectively. Our results are compatible with a flat $\Lambda$CDM model. These results show the complementarity of the normalised homogeneity scale with other cosmological probes and open new roads to cosmometry

The scale of cosmic homogeneity as a standard ruler

International audienceIn this paper, we study the characteristic scale of transition to cosmic homogeneity of the universe, H, as a standard ruler, to constrain cosmological parameters on mock galaxy catalogues. We use mock galaxy catalogues that simulate the CMASS galaxy sample of the BOSS survey in the redshift range 0.43 ≤ z ≤ 0.7. In each redshift bin we obtain the homogeneity scale, defined as the scale at which the universe becomes homogeneous to 1%, i.e. D2(H) = 2.97. With a simple Fisher analysis, we find that the performance of measuring the cosmological parameters with either the position of the BAO peak or the homogeneity scale is comparable. We show that H has a dependence on the galaxy bias. If the accuracy and precision of this bias is achieved to 1%, as expected for future surveys, then H is a competitive standard ruler

Broken by design: the corporation as a failed technology

This article argues that the corporation is a type of technology, and that as a technology it is failing society. The article begins by exploring the history of the corporation and posits that it is a social technology that is distinct in its function (creating profit for shareholders and generating wealth), process (growth and expansion), structure (adherence to a pyramidal arrangement of managers) and personhood (a permanent legal identity conferred by the law). The article then explores how corporations consolidate wealth and perpetuate inequality, socialise many of their risks to the public sector, commodify human beings and the natural environment, and bestow massive external costs to society at large. Since many of these aspects of corporate activity are invisible, recognising them may offer an important first step towards their reform