The importance of the mean platelet volume in the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the diagnostic relation between the mean platelet volume (MPV) and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT) in patient with documented atrial tachyarrhythmia in the emergency department (ED). Two study groups were compared; a SVT group with arrive at the ED with documented SVT (n=122) and 100 healthy adult without any palpitation symptom, arrhythmic disease, and with normal physical examination results that were brought for checkups to the cardiology polyclinic were classified as control group. Blood samples were obtained from all patients for determining the hematologic counts and MPV during first hour in ED period. In terms of the focus of the study, hemoglobin, neutrophil count, mean cell volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet, white blood cell (WBC), and lymphocyte counts were similar in both group (p > 0.05). MPV in the SVT group was signifi cantly higher than in the control group (9.12±1.22 fl vs 8.64±0.89 fl , p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that just MPV was independent predictor of SVT in patients with palpitation in ED (odds ratio [OR] 8.497, 95% confidence interval (6.181 to 12.325), p=0.012). The present study described that MPV is helpful parameter for the diagnosis of SVT in emergency department, for the first time in the literature.Keywords: mean platelet volume, inflammation, palpitation, supraventricular tachycardia, diagnosticAfrican Health sciences Vol 14 No. 1 March 201

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Sığır laktoferrinin çiğ sütün mikrobiyolojik özelliklerine etkisi

Milk is a foodstuff that is very open to contamination depending on the way it is obtained. Also, it is a microbiologically perishable product in terms of the nutritional components it contains. Regarding both regulations and consumer awareness, it cannot be intervened substantially until the process of raw milk in the dairy farms. Therefore, due to the proliferation of Coliforms, especially Pseudomonas spp. and lactic acid bacteria, various problems may arise in both product and technology. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lactoferrin, a natural inhibitor, on the microbiological properties of raw milk kept in the cold chain. As a result of the study, no inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on lactic acid bacteria was observed. However, it showed a significant antibacterial effect by inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas spp. and Coliform (P<0.05). As the lactoferrin concentration increased, the antimicrobial effect increased significantly. This showed that lactoferrin can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent in cold systems of liquid foods.Sütler elde edilme şekline göre kontaminasyona gayet açık bir gıda maddesidir. Aynı zamanda içerdikleri besin bileşenleri yönünden ise mikrobiyolojik olarak çok hızlı bozulabilen bir üründür. Gerek mevzuatlar yönünden gerekse bilinçli tüketim yönünden çiğ sütlerin işletmelerde işlemeye alınma sürecine kadar çok fazla müdahele edilememektedir. Bu nedenle çiğ sütlerde başta Pseudomonas spp. olmak üzere Koliformlar ve Laktik asit bakterilerin çoğalması nedeniyle gerek üründe gerekse teknolojide çeşitli sıkıntılar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda doğal bir inhibitör madde olan laktoferrin ilavesi ile soğuk zincirde tutulan çiğ sütlerin mikrobiyolojik özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde laktoferrinin laktik asit bakterleri üzerine önemli düzeyde (p <0.05) inhibe edici bir etkisi görülmemiştir. Ancak Pseudomonas spp. ve Koliform bakterilerin çoğalmalarını engelleyerek önemli düzeyde (p <0.05) antibakteriyel etki göstermiştir. Laktoferrin konsantrasyonu arttıkça antimikrobiyal etki de önemli düzeyde artmıştır. Bu durum laktoferrinin sıvı gıdaların soğuk sistemlerde doğal bir antimikrobiyal ajan olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir

Ceza muhakemesi hukukunda müdafi ve müdafiin görev ve yetkileri

ÖZETElinizdeki bu çalışma kamusal gücü elinde bulunduran ve hâkim konumda olan iddia ve yargılama makamlarına karşı, daha zayıf ve korunması gereken bir durumda olan şüpheli ve sanığın ve onları savunmak için oluşturulmuş kamusal savunma makamında bulunan ve diğer ceza muhakemesi süjeleri gibi otoriter gücü olmayan müdafiin konumunu güçlendirmesi ve dolayısıyla savunma hakkının tam manasıyla sağlanması maksadıyla oluşturulmuş bir çalışmadır.Bu bağlamda, müdafilik kavramı ile ilgili olarak, hukuk devleti, savunma hakkı, adil yargılanma hakkı, diyalektik olarak ceza muhakemesi süjeleri gibi kavramlar üzerinde durularak bu kavramlar ile savunma olgusu ve müdafilik kavramlarının ilişkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.Özellikle kanuni düzenlemelerde ve öğretideki görüşler doğrultusunda müdafiin hukuki statüsünün değerlendirilmesi yapılmış, gerek soruşturma gerekse kovuşturma evrelerinde müdafiden yararlanma biçimleri çeşitli şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte tezin sonuç kısmında ise müdafie tanınan yetkiler ve yüklenen yükümlülükleri ele alınarak, kapsamının belirlenmesi amacıyla çeşitli boyutları ile müdafilik kurumu irdelenmiştir.Sonuç olarak, savunma hakkının etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi amacıyla, araştırma konumuz olan müdafiin konumunu güçlendirmek ve diğer iki ceza muhakemesi süjeleri ile denk bir konuma gelmesi amacıyla, mevcut aksaklıklara yer vererek, çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Esas amaç tabi ki savunma makamının güçlenmesi ile birlikte, savunma hakkının gereği gibi kullanılabilmesi ve toplumun hukuka olan inancını tam anlamıyla sağlamaya çalışmak olmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Müdafi, Müdafiin hukuki statüsü, Müdafiden yararlanma biçimleri, Müdafiin görev ve yetkileri.ABSTRACTThis study aims to enable the rights of defense of suspected and defendant who are weaker and need to be protected against to the ones who holds public power and superiority, namely claim and judgment positions. In order to sustain the defense rights of defender who is at the position of public defense but not owns authoritative power as other criminal procedure members such as claim and judgment positions, the position of defender needs to be strengthened, and thus, rights of defense are provided adequately, by way of aim of this study.In this context, the relationship between fact of defender - defense and other notions related with the concept of defender, such as state of law, right to due process, dialectic members of criminal procedure are put forward.Specifically, legal status of defender is assessed according to legal regulations and theory and the ways of benefiting from defenders at the stages of enquiry and prosecution is dealt with. Additionally, in order to set the covering of defender, appointments and qualifications of defender and institution of defense are examined in various perspectives at the final part of the thesis.In conclusion, current disruptions are considered and various suggestions are proposed with the aim of sustaining the use of rights of defense effectively, strengthening the position of defender and enhancing defender to a position which is counter balancing the other two members of criminal procedure.Strengthening the defense position, delivering the rights of defense and keeping public’s trust on legal system properly are also the fundamental aim of this study.Key Words: Defense, Defender, Legal status of defender, Ways of benefiting from defender, Appointments and qualifications of defender

The antibacterial effect of silver anode treatment on raw milk

Silver has been used as an indirect antibacterial method by the food sector. In this study, the antibacterial effect of silver on raw milk was examined using the silver anode method. The samples were divided into two groups comprising silver-containing and non-silver-containing samples. Then, the two groups were stored at 5 °C, 10 °C, and 25 °C. The changes in the bacterial flora of the raw milk samples were observed at hours 0, 12, 24, and 36. The antibacterial effect of the silver anode treatment on both groups was observed after 12 h. The antibacterial effect increased with increasing storage time. The decreases in the Pseudomonas spp., coliform bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria counts of the silver-containing group were significantly different than those of the control group after 36 h (p < 0.05). The decreases in the Pseudomonas spp. and coliform bacteria counts were greater than the decrease in the lactic acid bacteria count. The Pseudomonas spp. count decreased during the storage period depending on temperature while the growth rates of coliform and lactic acid bacteria decreased with decreasing storage temperature in the silver anode-treated group. The strongest antibacterial effect was observed at 25 °C for Pseudomonas spp. and at 5 °C for coliform and lactic acid bacteria. The results of the study revealed that the silver anode method had a strong antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas spp. and coliform bacteria and a poor antibacterial effect on lactic acid bacteria. Silver ion release into the milk samples was consistently below the legal limits at all storage temperatures

The effects of slaughtering methods on physical and biochemical changes in fish

Duran, Ayhan (Aksaray, Yazar)We investigated the effects of two different slaughter methods (sudden death and struggle death) on catalase (CAT) activity and malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). We analyzed a group of fish without waiting and other fish groups after being kept in 8-10°C for 12, 24, 36 hours. Additionally, sensory analyses were studied by a sensory panel consisting of experienced judges to sensory evaluation. We have been observed significant increases (p < 0.05) in MDA levels and decreases (p < 0.05) in CAT activity of two groups (sudden and struggle death). Using sudden death (unstressed) method, rainbow trout groups showed good quality until to 36th hour, and sensory analyses of struggle death treated groups (stressed) exhibited good quality up to 24th hour. Consequently, we got importance of storage temperature, time and different slaughter methods on biochemical parameters and sensory analyses of some rainbow trout tissues

The effect of chitosan coating and vacuum packaging on the microbiological and chemical properties of beef

Beef is an animal food sensitive to deterioration due to its rich nutrient content. Therefore, some preservation techniques are applied. These include vacuum packaging, a modified atmosphere, a controlled atmosphere and an edible film coating. In this study, it was aimed to extend the shelf life of beef using vacuum packaging (VP) and chitosan coating with vacuum packaging (CC + VP). For this purpose, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), Stapylococcus aureus, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content were analyzed in beef obtained from local markets. As a result, it was found that the chitosan coating reduced the TMAB, LAB and TVB-N values and inhibited all S. aureus up to day 15 of storage. In addition, it was seen that the application of CC + VP was significantly more effective (p˂0.05) on the reduction of the TBA value, compared to the VP application over a long period of storage (45 days). The combined use of the two technologies is more effective on TVB-N. According to the data obtained from this study, because of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chitosan, it has been concluded that it can be used as a bio-preservative in the meat industry

Biochemical changes and sensory assessment on tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) during sale conditions

WOS: 000270171000017PubMed: 19533401In this study, some biochemical changes of carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) tissues were investigated. Studies have been carried out on carp which have regional economical importance. Storage temperature and time are the most important factors that affect the quality of fish during sales. It was observed that the temperature varied between 9 and 12A degrees C in sale conditions. In addition, we assumed the arrival time of the fish at the fish market to be 0 (zero) h. Biochemical analyses [malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity] of carp tissues (muscle, liver, heart, spleen, brain) were carried out on fish which were held for 24 and 48 h, as well as on fresh fish (0 h). In addition, sensory analysis was conducted by a panel consisting of experienced judges of sensory evaluation. Statistically significant (P 0.05) increase in MDA level in heart tissue of carp after 24 h. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in MDA levels in muscle, spleen and heart tissues when comparing the 24- and 48-h groups. In the group examined at 24 h, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences from the 0 h group values (P < 0.05) for catalase (CAT) activity in muscle, brain, spleen and heart tissues. The decreases in CAT activity in liver and spleen tissues were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the group examined at 24 h compared with the group examined at 48 h. Carp maintained good quality during the selling conditions up to 24 h. This experiment deals with the effects of post-slaughter time and storage temperature on carp tissues. It is concluded that by considering the storage temperature (9-12A degrees C) and storage time (post-slaughter) the product maintained acceptable quality up to 24 h. There was significant deterioration of sensory quality, as a result of changes in chemical constituents.Inonu University Research Fund [2003/08]Inonu University Research Fund (I. U. BAP 2003/08) is gratefully acknowledged for support of this work