Evaluation of water resources in Kiowa and Bijou Creek basins, Colorado

CER66HRD-RAL19.May, 1966.Prepared under contract with Colorado Water Conservation Board.Includes bibliographical references.This report describes the water resources of the Kiowa and Bijou Creek drainages in northeastern Colorado. These intermittent tributaries to the South Platte River drain some 2130 square miles lying within six counties. The area has a semi-arid climate with an average annual precipitation slightly over 15 inches, most of which falls during the summer months. Since the streams within the study area flow only during storm periods and since there is no water imported into the area, the principle source of water for irrigation is from ground water. It was estimated that the alluvial aquifer contained 2,373,000 acre-feet of water in 1965, and that it receives 55,800 acre-feet of water annually through natural recharge of precipitation. The Fox Hills sandstone formation was considered to be the only bedrock aquifer capable of supplying moderate quantities of water to wells within the study area. This formation contains an estimated 2,000,000 acre-feet of recoverable water within the area, and could be an important future water source. The first significant pumping in the area began in the 1930's, and the annual withdrawal has increased to a maximum of 130,000 acre-feet from about 700 wells for the year 1964. This development has caused ground water level declines as great as 45 feet in some areas. Based upon present management practices, it is anticipated that water levels will continue to decline in the study area, with resultant decreases in the amount of water pumped. Within fifty years, it is expected that the aquifer will be depleted to the point that only recharge water is available for pumping. By this time, however, technology will likely develop such methods as artificial recharge and weather modification to feasibly increase the useable water resources of the area

Mathematical simulations for better aquifer management

CER-66-67 MWB 10.Extract of publication no. 72 of the I.A.S.H. Symposium of Haifa.Includes bibliographical references.Manipulation of groundwater storage in conjunction with surface water supplies often requires simultaneous consideration of varied aquifer hydraulic and geometric characteristics, highly variable pumping patterns in time and space, imperfectly connected bodies of surface water and non-deterministic natural recharge. In addition, legal, economic and social conditions impose constraints which must be considered in aquifer operation and management. This paper describes mathematical modeling and computer analysis techniques that allow consideration of the many varied and changing factors mentioned above. Application is made to specific aquifer management problems

Response Of Irrigated Corn To Nitrogen Fertility Level Within Two Tillage Systems

Irrigated farmers generally utilize intensive tillage to manage crop residues and prepare a seedbed for com. Nitrogen fertilizer management practices have been developed for conventional-till (CT) irrigated com production. Little information is available for no-till (NT) and reduced-till (RT) irrigated com production systems. This paper compares the response of irrigated continuous com to N fertility level under CT and NT or RT production systems on a Fort Collins clay loam soil from 1999 through 2001. Grain yields increased similarly with increasing available N level [soil NO3-N (0-3 ft) plus fertilizer N added] in 1999,2000, and 2001 for both tillage systems. The CT com yields were greater than the RT or NT com yields in 1999 and 2001, respectively. Based on the results from this study, similar N levels were required. for optimum com yields in all tillage systems. Additional years of data are needed to determine if NT will require a higher level of N fertilizer input than CT to optimize com grain yields. Current N fertilizer recommendations for CT irrigated com production would appear to be adequate for irrigated NT com production

Models for subsurface drainage

April 1971.Bibliography: pages 28-30.supported by the Inland Waters Directorate, Canada Department of Environment, and the U.S. National Science Foundation, Grant GK-31521 X

Capillary flow in agricultural drainage

The process of drainage of soil water is customarily treated as a fully saturated flow phenomenon. Recent work of several cooperating scientists is reported to illustrate that the partially saturated zone can significantly influence the overall performance of agricultural drains, particularly with respect to maintenance of a desirable root environment and when the soils encountered are either quite shallow or very fine textured. In the first section, the capillary properties of soils pertinent to drainage are described. Both laboratory and fields measurement techniques are proposed. Experimental data illustrate the utility of these techniques. The second section details necessary considerations for modeling capillary flow systems and presents models successfully used to predict both vertical drainage of the soil profile and horizontal flow associated with a sloping water table. The final section describes results of numerical analyses of both sloping aquifers and parallel drain systems. The capillary region is shown to have considerable influence upon both the predicted water table position and the relation between water table depth and depth of soil which is adequately aerated to allow root developmentPublished August 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Administrative Managers – A Critical Link

Institutional responses to changes in the higher education environment have caused movements in the roles and identities of administrative managers in UK universities. These shifts have highlighted the problem for individuals of balancing traditional public service considerations of administration with institutional innovation and development. Administrative managers find themselves not only acting as independent arbiters, giving impartial advice on the basis of professional expertise, but also becoming involved in political judgements about institutional futures. They increasingly undertake an interpretive function between the various communities of the university and its external partners. As the boundaries of the university have become more permeable, administrative and academic management have inter-digitated, and hybrid roles have developed. In undertaking increasingly complex functions, therefore, administrative managers play a critical role in linking the academic and executive arms of governance in the university

DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence : meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies

Background DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with adiposity in adulthood. However, whether similar DNA methylation patterns are associated with childhood and adolescent body mass index (BMI) is largely unknown. More insight into this relationship at younger ages may have implications for future prevention of obesity and its related traits. Methods We examined whether DNA methylation in cord blood and whole blood in childhood and adolescence was associated with BMI in the age range from 2 to 18 years using both cross-sectional and longitudinal models. We performed meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies including up to 4133 children from 23 studies. We examined the overlap of findings reported in previous studies in children and adults with those in our analyses and calculated enrichment. Results DNA methylation at three CpGs (cg05937453, cg25212453, and cg10040131), each in a different age range, was associated with BMI at Bonferroni significance, P <1.06 x 10(-7), with a 0.96 standard deviation score (SDS) (standard error (SE) 0.17), 0.32 SDS (SE 0.06), and 0.32 BMI SDS (SE 0.06) higher BMI per 10% increase in methylation, respectively. DNA methylation at nine additional CpGs in the cross-sectional childhood model was associated with BMI at false discovery rate significance. The strength of the associations of DNA methylation at the 187 CpGs previously identified to be associated with adult BMI, increased with advancing age across childhood and adolescence in our analyses. In addition, correlation coefficients between effect estimates for those CpGs in adults and in children and adolescents also increased. Among the top findings for each age range, we observed increasing enrichment for the CpGs that were previously identified in adults (birth P-enrichment = 1; childhood P-enrichment = 2.00 x 10(-4); adolescence P-enrichment = 2.10 x 10(-7)). Conclusions There were only minimal associations of DNA methylation with childhood and adolescent BMI. With the advancing age of the participants across childhood and adolescence, we observed increasing overlap with altered DNA methylation loci reported in association with adult BMI. These findings may be compatible with the hypothesis that DNA methylation differences are mostly a consequence rather than a cause of obesity.Peer reviewe

Potential for variable water and chemical application

Presented at the Central Plains irrigation short course and exposition on February 17-18, 1998 at the Camino Inn in North Platte, Nebraska