Describing Signatures: a Key to Successful use of Remote Sensing for Forest Damage AssessmentDescrevendo Assinaturas: a Chave para o Uso Bem Sucedido do Sensoriamento Remoto para Avaliação dos Danos Florestais

Forest damage caused by a variety of agents: wildfire, climatic events, mammals, insects and diseases is often highly visible and can be assessed by remote sensing. Certain characteristics of the damage, as seen via remote sensing, can provide clues to the identity of the agent(s) responsible for the damage. These include the ability to recognize the host tree(s) affected, color and texture of the foliage of affected trees, distribution of damage, size of affected trees and portion of tree crown affected. Examples are provided from the United States and southern Brazil of how combinations of these characteristics are helpful in the identification of damaging forest agents during aerial sketchmap surveys, interpretation of large to medium scale aerial photos or airborne video imagery.Resumo Danos florestais causados por uma variedade de agentes: incêndios, eventos climáticos, mamíferos, insetos e doenças é frequentemente muito visível e pode ser avaliado por sensoriamento remoto. Certas características do dano, como vistos por sensoriamento remoto, podem proporcionar indícios para identificar o(s) agente(s) responsável pelo dano. Estas incluem a habilidade em reconhecer a(s) árvores hospedeiras afetadas, a cor e textura da folhagem da árvore atacada, a distribuição do dano, o tamanho das árvores afetadas e as partes da copa afetada. Exemplos são fornecidos dos Estados Unidos e do sul do Brasil de como as combinações dessas características são valiosas na identificação dos agentes causadores de danos durante os levantamentos aéreos expeditos, a interpretação de fotografias aéreas em escalas grandes a médias ou de imagens aéreas de vídeo

2013 Colorado forest insect and disease update

The reports describes "an annual investigation of critical forest health issues, including the identification of priority areas across the state where current forest conditions demand timely action." They are intended to "expand Coloradans' knowledge of and interest in our state's forest resources.".Reports produced by the Colorado State Forest Service in conjunction with Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry.Includes bibliographical references.January 2014.Includes the 2013 Colorado forest insect and disease update supplement.The theme of the 2013 report is Caring for Colorado's Forests: Today's Challenges, Tomorrow's Opportunities. How best to care for this vital resource has been a major topic of discussion. This year's report focuses on the values our forests provide and includes several examples of the successful collaborative forest management programs that were created to address the impacts of mountain pine beetle, threats associated with wildfire, and protection of critical watersheds and other values at risk. Hopefully theseexamples will lead to the identification of other potential solutions to the challenges our forests are facing. One thing is clear: forest stewardship is best achieved through the collective efforts of private landowners, public land managers, non-governmentalconservation organizations, elected officials and other interested stakeholders. The mission of the Colorado State Forest Service is to "achieve stewardship of Colorado's diverse forest environments for the benefit of present and future generations." At no time in Colorado's history has the CSFS mission been so relevant - and working with stakeholders to identify and implement innovative programs will help us further our mission

Evaluation of pine bark beetle infestations on Blue Mountain, Missoula District, Lolo National Forest, Montana

An evaluation of the status of bark beetle infestations in ponderosa pine stands on Blue Mountain, Missoula District, Lolo National Forest, was made March 30 and April 4, 1972, at the request of personnel of the Missoula District. Extensive group killing of ponderosa pine in the vicinity of Blue Mountain was detected by District personnel in 1971. A subsequent evaluation revealed that tree killing was the result of pine engraver beetle, Ips pini (Say), infestation over most of the area and that a localized outbreak of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., occurred in the Hayes Creek drainage (Ciesla et al. 1971). Presuppression surveys in the Hayes Creek drainage indicated that a total of 4,814 ponderosa pines were killed by mountain pine beetle in 1969 and 1970 with a resultant volume loss of 29,640 board feet (Ciesla and McGregor 1971). Attempts by District personnel to initiate salvage sales in the area during 1971 failed

Evaluation of the pine butterfly infestation on the Nezperce National Forest, 1972

The pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia (Felder and Felder), infestation on the Nezperce National Forest was aerially surveyed in mid-August 1972. A followup ground evaluation was made in September. Results of the survey show the infestation has increased substantially in intensity and size. The infestation was first reported in 1971 when 4,200 acres of aerially visible defoliation were detected along the south-facing slopes of the Salmon River breaks east of Riggins, Idaho. Approximately 22,000 acres of defoliation were mapped during the 1972 aerial survey. In addition to the infested areas east of Riggins, defoliation exists as far north as Slate Creek and also on the "island" to the south (Fig. 1). Defoliation intensities range from just detectable to complete removal of the foliage. Most of the trees still have their 1972 needles

Supplemental egg mass data from a Douglas-fir tussock moth infestation, North of Polson, Montana, April 1975

A supplemental Douglas-fir tussock moth egg mass evaluation was made within three quarter sections north of Poison, Montana, during April 1975. These areas were being considered for a pilot control project of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus spray. Results from the April evaluation showed these areas no longer qualified as sites for pilot control projects

Status of the western hemlock looper in the northern region, 1972

Over 10,000 acres of aerially visible western hemlock looper defoliation on grand fir was detected on State and Federal forests of central Idaho in 1972. This is the first report of this insect building up in Region 1 since a widespread outbreak in 1937-39. The western hemlock looper has the potential of being one of the most destructive forest insects in North America. It can cause tree mortality in 1 or 2 years of feeding. Extensive tree mortality has been associated with nearly all past outbreaks. Outbreaks usually persist for about 3 years at epidemic levels prior to collapsing from natural control agents. Insecticides have been effective in protecting large stands during some looper infestations

Comparison of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of ST-246® after IV Infusion or Oral Administration in Mice, Rabbits and Monkeys

ST-246® is an antiviral, orally bioavailable small molecule in clinical development for treatment of orthopoxvirus infections. An intravenous (IV) formulation may be required for some hospitalized patients who are unable to take oral medication. An IV formulation has been evaluated in three species previously used in evaluation of both efficacy and toxicology of the oral formulation. plasma concentrations. These effects were eliminated using slower IV infusions. associated toxicity. Shorter infusions at higher doses in NHP resulted in decreased clearance, suggesting saturated distribution or elimination. Elimination half-lives in all species were similar between oral and IV administration. The administration of ST-246 was well tolerated as a slow IV infusion

Measurement of the inclusive isolated-photon cross section in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV using 36 fb−1 of ATLAS data

The differential cross section for isolated-photon production in pp collisions is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb. The differential cross section is presented as a function of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The differential cross section as a function of the absolute value of the photon pseudorapidity is also presented in different regions of photon transverse energy. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Jetphox and Sherpa as well as next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Nnlojet are compared with the measurement, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The predictions provide a good description of the data within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.