Principal Directions of Digital Transformation of Higher Education System in Sustainable Education

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020. From the perspective of a systematic integrated approach, the article formulates the main directions of digital transformation of higher education system in sustainable education in all its components, taking into account the requirements of the modern digital economy as the leading trend in the country's innovative development model. The authors consider essential content of the digital economy as a vector of innovative trends focused on the training of specialists of a qualitatively different level, and present the results of the formation of the digital economy in the Personnel and Education direction in 2025. One of the essential components of the modern educational process is the electronic information and educational environment, which is considered as a system that includes innovative technology platforms as an indispensable element for the generation and processing of knowledge. The article explores the prospects for improving the Russian scientific and educational system based on innovative methods of education using neural network technologies, the need for a transition to online education with integrated systems of natural and artificial intelligence. The paper identifies obstacles that significantly hamper the sustainable development of online education, one of which is the lack of teachers of the new formation who can work in the digital environment. It also presents an analysis of the results of a comprehensive study to assess the readiness of higher education to the parameters of the digital economy, showing that most universities are at the initial stage of the informatization and automation processes, which proves the relevance of the materials presented

Advantages of cluster approach in managing the economy of the Russian Federation

The formation of new approaches to economic growth that will unite scientific, educational and production potentials, as well as lead to an increase in the competitiveness of enterprises, the region, the economy of the nation in general, both research and educational organizations, will have a further multiplier effect on the formation of an economy processes of a new order. This trend in the formation of modern approaches, and their successful implementation will result in the transition of the Russian economy to an economy of innovative type, more adjusted to relevant world trends and markets. The urgency of implementing cluster approaches in the development of the economy on the basis of innovative territorial clusters is dictated by the need to ensure a balanced and sustainable development of the domestic economic system through the promotion of innovation in individual territories. Such actively formed territories can now become clusters. In the modern world, clusters, with their completely different policy of realizing their activities, displaying the newest forms and competitiveness, become springboards' that help launch territories into the economy of the future. Today, the competitiveness of the economy of the region and the state depends not only on technical achievements or inventions, but also on organizational changes that contribute to the achievement by them of high commercial results, as well as on marketing innovations in the promotion and implementation of cluster policies

Cardiac Surgery is Associated with Biomarker Evidence of Neuronal Damage

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia and surgery is commonly associated with central nervous system sequelae and cognitive symptoms, which may be caused by neuronal injury. Neuronal injury can be monitored by plasma concentrations of the neuronal biomarkers tau and neurofilament light protein (NFL). Currently, there are no studies examining whether neuronal injury varies between surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate if neuronal damage is more frequent after cardiac than after otolaryngeal surgery, as estimated by tau and NFL concentrations in plasma. METHODS: Blood samples were drawn before, during, and after surgery and concentrations of tau, NFL, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were measured in 25 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (9 off-pump and 16 on-pump) and 26 patients undergoing otolaryngeal surgery. RESULTS: Tau increased during surgery (1752%, p = 0.0001) and NFL rose seven days post-surgery (1090%, p < 0.0001) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; even more in patients on-pump than off-pump. No changes were observed in patients undergoing otolaryngeal surgery and only minor fluctuations were observed for Aβ40 and Aβ42. CONCLUSION: Cardiac surgery is associated with neuronal injury, which is aggravated by extracorporeal circulation. Analyses of NFL and tau in blood may guide development of surgical procedures to minimize neuronal damage, and may also be used in longitudinal clinical studies to assess the relationship of surgery with future neurocognitive impairment or dementia

Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.peerReviewe

Wykorzystanie prostych modelowań sejsmicznych do interpretacji małych obiektów rafowych w przypadku niskorozdzielczych danych sejsmicznych i ubogich danych otworowych

Tracing facies and saturation with hydrocarbon along sedimentary beds is one of Seismic's most important objectives. The application of simple seismic modeling for the interpretation of low resolution seismic data is presented. This method confirmed the possibility to trace changes in Main Dolomite (Ca2) development and to detect, comparatively small to the seismic resolution, hydrocarbon traps.Śledzenie zmian w wykształceniu facjalnym oraz nasycenia węglowodorami jest jednym z najważniejszych zadań postawionych sejsmice. W artykule przedstawiono sposób wykorzystania prostych modelowań sejsmicznych w interpretacji niskorozdzielczych danych sejsmicznych. Potwierdzono również możliwość śledzenia zmian w wykształceniu dolomitu głównego (Ca2) oraz wykrywania niewielkich, w stosunku do rozdzielczości sejsmiki, nagromadzeń węglowodorów