Outpatient minor oral surgery in patients with hemophilia : a case series of 23 patients

Hemophilia is an inherited coagulation disorder characterized by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII or IX. When the management of hemostasis is inadequate, these patients are at high risk of experiencing intra and postoperative bleedings after tooth extractions. Coagulation factor replacement therapy allows performing most surgical procedures safely, although the factor levels and length of treatment have not been clearly determined. In this study, we present our experience in a retrospective series of 112 ambulatory tooth extractions under local anesthesia in 23 patients with hemophilia using a coagulation factor replacement therapy in combination with tranexamic acid. The results obtained with this protocol were satisfactory and only one episode of mild postoperative bleeding occurred after seven days in a patient who did not have good treatment compliance

Produção de capim-elefante em vertissolo sob diferentes doses de efluentes de fossa séptica biodigestora.

Objetivou-se com a execução deste trabalho avaliar a produção de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach cv. Botucatu) em Vertissolo sob diferentes doses de efluentes produzidos em fossa séptica biodigestora instalada em região de águas salobras. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Pantanal, situada em Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, entre agosto de 2009 e março de 2010. Foi avaliado o efeito de quatro doses de efluentes e duas épocas de corte sobre as produções de matéria seca de folhas (F), de hastes (H) e total (F+H), a participação dessas frações na massa seca total (F% e H%) e a relação F/H. A fertirrigação realizada com o efluente líquido da fossa séptica biodigestora resultou em maior produção de matéria seca do capim-elefante nas duas épocas avaliadas. Todavia, os resultados indicam que o uso contínuo das duas maiores doses de efluentes resultam em menor desenvolvimento de folhas em relação às hastes, o que é indesejável, pois pode reduzir o valor nutritivo da planta para uso como forrageira.Disponível também em: Cadernos de Agroecologia, V. 5, n.1, 2010

Produção de capim-elefante sob diferentes doses de efluentes de fossa séptica biodigestora em região de águas salobras.

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a produção de capim elefante (Penisetum purpureaum Schumach cv. Botucatu) sob diferentes doses de efluentes Produzidos em fossa séptica biodigestora instalada em região de águas salobras. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Pantanal, situada em Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, entre agosto de 2009 e março de 2010. Foi avaliado o efeito de quatro doses de efluentes e duas épocas de corte sob as produções de matéria seca a 105oC (MS) de folhas (F), de hastes (H) e total (F+H), a participação da fração folha na massa seca total (F%) e a relação F/H. A aplicação de doses crescentes de efluentes da fossa séptica biodigestora instalada em região de águas salobras resultou em maior produção do capim-elefante nas duas épocas avaliadas e favoreceu, no primeiro período de avaliação, maior participação da fração folha das plantas, fato que indica efeito positivo do uso deste tipo efluente sobre o valor nutritivo da forrageira cultivada na região

Entrepreneurial growth and ownership under market socialism in China: a longitudinal case study of small business growth

How firms grow is still a mystery and a definitive explanation remains elusive. This is especially the case for emerging economies, where the development of research into business growth has been notably slow whilst emerging business ventures are developing at hyper speed. Since most empirical studies have focused on the quantitative differences in growth across firms, this paper adopts a longitudinal case study approach to explore the qualitative differences in terms of how various types of firm achieve their growth outcomes in the organisational development process over a prolonged period of time. Through a theoretical lens which focuses on growth process approaches, this study not only demonstrates that entrepreneurial processes take different forms and dimensions in different contexts, but it also provides insights into the interactions of various organisational factors underpinning the strategies and changes that lead to contrasting growth outcomes. Case study findings assert that the ownership factor is a key contingent factor that shapes management structure and resources which, in turn, affect particular entrepreneurial outcomes. Furthermore, a combination of leadership style and the approach to knowledge management also play critical roles in the learning process which, tends to determine the strategy choice of either high or low value added product strategy. The findings of this research are that small firms with a low value product strategy can improve their survival chances and growth through the vertical broadening of a product portfolio in synchrony with increasing production and technology advancement. The case study companies show a tendency to reinforce their industry position by adopting contrasting choices for growth. The paper addresses the challenges and managerial implications for Western company managers in different growth contexts

Selection platforms for directed evolution in synthetic biology

Life on Earth is incredibly diverse. Yet, underneath that diversity, there are a number of constants and highly conserved processes: all life is based on DNA and RNA; the genetic code is universal; biology is limited to a small subset of potential chemistries. A vast amount of knowledge has been accrued through describing and characterizing enzymes, biological processes and organisms. Nevertheless, much remains to be understood about the natural world. One of the goals in Synthetic Biology is to recapitulate biological complexity from simple systems made from biological molecules – gaining a deeper understanding of life in the process. Directed evolution is a powerful tool in Synthetic Biology, able to bypass gaps in knowledge and capable of engineering even the most highly conserved biological processes. It encompasses a range of methodologies to create variation in a population and to select individual variants with the desired function – be it a ligand, enzyme, pathway or even whole organisms. Here, we present some of the basic frameworks that underpin all evolution platforms and review some of the recent contributions from directed evolution to synthetic biology, in particular methods that have been used to engineer the Central Dogma and the genetic code

The Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex NuRD Is Built from Preformed Catalytically Active Sub-modules

The nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex is a highly conserved regulator of chromatin structure and transcription. Structural studies have shed light on this and other chromatin modifying machines, but much less is known about how they assemble and whether stable and functional sub-modules exist that retain enzymatic activity. Purification of the endogenous $\textit{Drosophila}$ NuRD complex shows that it consists of a stable core of subunits, while others, in particular the chromatin remodeler CHD4, associate transiently. To dissect the assembly and activity of NuRD, we systematically produced all possible combinations of different components using the MultiBac system, and determined their activity and biophysical properties. We carried out single-molecule imaging of CHD4 in live mouse embryonic stem cells, in the presence and absence of one of core components (MBD3), to show how the core deacetylase and chromatin-remodeling sub-modules associate $\textit{in vivo}$. Our experiments suggest a pathway for the assembly of NuRD $\textit{via}$ preformed and active sub-modules. These retain enzymatic activity and are present in both the nucleus and the cytosol, an outcome with important implications for understanding NuRD function.This work was supported by the European Commission Framework Program 7 integrated project 4DCellFate (contract no. 277899), the Medical Research Council (MR/ M010082/1, to E.D.L.), and the Wellcome Trust (to I.B. and B.H.)

Characteristics of Different Systems for the Solar Drying of Crops

Solar dryers are used to enable the preservation of agricultural crops, food processing industries for dehydration of fruits and vegetables, fish and meat drying, dairy industries for production of milk powder, seasoning of wood and timber, textile industries for drying of textile materials. The fundamental concepts and contexts of their use to dry crops is discussed in the chapter. It is shown that solar drying is the outcome of complex interactions particular between the intensity and duration of solar energy, the prevailing ambient relative humidity and temperature, the characteristics of the particular crop and its pre-preparation and the design and operation of the solar dryer

Effetto del proctolin sull'attivit\ue0 intestinale delle larve di lepidottero

Al fine di identificare nuovi insetticidi ecocompatibili che possano essere impiegati in alternativa ai pesticidi chimici tradizionali, si stanno studiando sia gli effetti indotti da prodotti genici tossici isolati da virus, microorganismi, funghi, piante e artropodi, sia le alterazioni fisiologiche che si presentano in seguito a somministrazione di peptidi endogeni che agiscono come fattori di regolazione. Tra questi, il pentapeptide proctolin, neurotrasmettitore/modulatore ad attivit\ue0 miotropica, \ue8 uno dei pi\uf9 studiati. La ricerca che abbiamo condotto mira a chiarire se il proctolin possa essere un buon candidato per il controllo dei Lepidotteri. Abbiamo quindi verificato se l\u2019intestino larvale presenti recettori per il peptide a livello della muscolatura viscerale, questione ancora dibattuta in letteratura. A tale scopo, usando Bombyx mori come specie modello, abbiamo registrato in vitro le contrazioni spontanee dell\u2019intestino posteriore in assenza o in presenza di proctolin. Si \ue8 osservato che il peptide \ue8 in grado di incrementare la frequenza delle contrazioni intestinali, anche se a concentrazioni molto superiori a quelle ormonali. Il proctolin sembra essere quindi in grado di legarsi a recettori presenti sulla muscolatura intestinale delle larve di lepidottero, che presentano per\uf2 un\u2019affinit\ue0 per il peptide estremamente bassa. Abbiamo poi determinato l\u2019effetto della somministrazione orale di proctolin sulla fitness larvale, valutando le variazioni causate dal peptide sui parametri nutrizionali standard. Alla concentrazione di 0.18 mg/g larva, il proctolin induce una riduzione significativa dell\u2019efficienza di conversione in massa corporea del cibo ingerito (ECI) e digerito (ECD), con una conseguente diminuzione del tasso di crescita (GR). La concentrazione di peptide attiva nel ridurre la crescita larvale di B. mori \ue8 per\uf2 estremamente critica. Infatti, aumentando di circa dieci volte la dose di proctolin somministrata alle larve, vengono attivati meccanismi compensativi in grado di annullare completamente l\u2019effetto finale sulla GR. Tali meccanismi sono correlati ad una stimolazione del comportamento alimentare della larva, che aumenta la quantit\ue0 di cibo ingerito. Anche nelle larve di Spodoptera littoralis trattate con la bassa concentrazione di proctolin si osserva, come in B. mori, una riduzione del tasso di crescita

Proctolin affects gut functions in lepidopteran larvae

We examined if the pentapeptide proctolin, a well-investigated myotropic neutrotrasmitter/neuromodulator for which a possible role in insect control has been suggested, affected the gastrointestinal function in lepidopteran larvae. We verified in the model species Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera, Bombicidae) if the visceral muscles of the larval gut expressed receptors for the peptide, by monitoring the spontaneous contractions of the hindgut in the absence or in the presence of proctolin. The frequency of the peristaltic contractions increased only at a very high concentration of the peptide, suggesting that proctolin could effectively bind with low affinity to non-specific receptors. The outcome on larval fitness of increasing doses of proctolin orally administered to fourth instar larvae were investigated by recording the standard nutritional indices. A significant decrease of the Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested and Digested food to body substance with a concomitant reduction of the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) was observed at the lowest dose tested (0.18 mg/g larva). The amount of peptide administered appeared critical, because a 10-fold higher dose of proctolin abolished the negative effect on RGR by a stimulation of the feeding behaviour, possibly as a result of the activation of compensatory mechanisms. A similar decrease of larval RGR with a low concentration of proctolin was observed also in the polyphagous pest Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)