115 research outputs found
Guideline for Groundwater Resource Management Using the GIS Tools in Arid to Semi Arid Climate Regions
International audienceFood security emerged as an issue in the first decade of the 21st Century, questioning the sustainability of thehuman race, which is inevitably related directly to the agricultural water management that has multifaceteddimensions and requires interdisciplinary expertise in order to be dealt with
Analyse et gestion du risque dâenvasement autour de la baie dâAntonina, BrĂ©sil. Lâapport dâune dĂ©marche dâaccompagnement
Le renforcement rĂ©cent du cadre juridique et rĂ©glementaire rĂ©gissant les activitĂ©s de dragage au BrĂ©sil donne une dimension socio-environnementale nouvelle Ă la question du risque dâenvasement et de contamination des eaux estuariennes, question rarement abordĂ©e avant le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000. Une premiĂšre partie retrace les conditions dâĂ©mergence de la question du risque dâenvasement au BrĂ©sil et, plus particuliĂšrement autour de la baie de ParanaguĂĄ, en fonction des mutations rĂ©centes du systĂšme portuaire. Une seconde partie montre comment la gestion du risque dâenvasement a Ă©tĂ© orientĂ©e prĂ©cocement vers la maĂźtrise des Ă©coulements continentaux considĂ©rĂ©s comme source majeure de danger pour la sĂ©curitĂ© et le maintien des activitĂ©s portuaires. Une derniĂšre partie prĂ©sente les difficultĂ©s de mise en place dâune gestion territoriale du risque dâenvasement liĂ©e aux ambiguĂŻtĂ©s de perception des diffĂ©rents acteurs et Ă la localisation alĂ©atoire des Ă©vĂ©nements pluvieux extrĂȘmes, dĂ©clencheurs de mouvements de terrain et de laves torrentielles fortement contributifs Ă lâenvasement de la baie.The recent strengthening framework of law and regulation governing the activities of dredging in Brazil gives a new socio-environmental dimension to the crucial issue for both port activity and inhabitants of the siltation and the contamination of estuarine waters bodies, a topic that was rarely discussed openly until the early 2000s. Part one of the article redraws the emergence of the risk of accelerated siltation in Brazil, more particularly around the inner part of ParanaguĂĄ estuarine bay, in relationship with the recent transformations of the harbour system. The following part shows how the management of this risk was early directed to the control of the continental flows considered as a major source of danger for the security and the maintenance of port activities. A last part presents the difficulties to switch from a hazard-oriented to a territorial-oriented approach of risk management considering varying perceptions of risk among individuals and the unpredictable location of extreme rainy events that trigger landslides of various kinds resulting in silting up of the Antonina bay
Approche intégrée et opérationnelle du risque de submersion marine sur une commune littorale
International audienceDans un contexte de remontée du niveau de la mer liée au réchauffement climatique, la problématique du risque de submersion est amenée à devenir centrale pour la gestion des cÎtes basses dans les décennies à venir. Le programme de recherche CRISSIS lancé début 2015 pour deux ans et financé par le CSFRS a pour objectif de proposer, à travers une démarche pluridisciplinaire associant géographes, modélisateurs, géomaticiens et spécialistes de la gestion des risques et des crises, une approche intégrée et opérationnelle du risque submersion.La démarche suivie intÚgre les quatre dimensions du risque, depuis l'analyse de l'aléa, des enjeux et de leur vulnérabilité, à celle dela perception et de la représentation du risque par les populations, jusqu'à la gestion de la crise
Mapping and Describing Geospatial Data to Generalize Complex Models: The Case of LittoSIM-GEN
For some scientific questions, empirical data are essential to develop reliable simulation models. These data usually come from different sources with diverse and heterogeneous formats. The design of complex data-driven models is often shaped by the structure of the data available in research projects. Hence, applying such models to other case studies requires either to get similar data or to transform new data to fit the model inputs. It is the case of agent-based models (ABMs) that use advanced data structures such as Geographic Information Systems data. We faced this problem in the LittoSIM-GEN project when generalizing our participatory flooding model (LittoSIM) to new territories. From this experience, we provide a mapping approach to structure, describe, and automatize the integration of geospatial data into ABMs
ESTIMATIVA DA VEGETAĂĂO NATURAL POTENCIAL NA ĂREA DE DRENAGEM DA BAĂA DE ANTONINA
Changes man produce to the hydrographic basins that flow to the Antonina Bay must be pointed out, especially when there is a scenario in which the erosive and silting processes develop up in the mentioned bay. The objectives with this work consisted in elaborating the Potential Natural Vegetation chart and in comparing it with the recent vegetation coverage and land use. To elaborate the Potential Natural Vegetation chart we considered geological and altimetrical aspects, and they were validated considering the remaining vegetation that exists in Antonina Bayâs drainage area. The elaboration of the aforementioned chart within a setting of Geographical Information Systems allows its use in hydrologic modelling studies, as well as its use in project for the recuperation of degraded areas, especially by supplying information about what plant species should be planted at each location. From the results obtained one can notice that, in relative figures, the most degraded plant classes were those located at the coastal flatlands, with the exception of the marsh areas whose associated soils are not apt to agriculture. One may also notice the expansion of agriculture over the Sub-mountain Ombrophile Dense Forest located above 20m, which showed the greatest degradation in absolute figures (430.16 km2).As alteraçÔes produzidas pelo homem nas bacias hidrogrĂĄficas que escoam para a baĂa de Antonina devem ser destacadas, sobretudo quando se observa um cenĂĄrio de desenvolvimento de processos erosivos e de assoreamento da referida baĂa. Os objetivos deste trabalho consistiram na elaboração da carta de Vegetação Natural Potencial, e na comparação desta com a cobertura vegetal e uso da terra recente. Para a confecção da carta de Vegetação Natural Potencial, foram considerados aspectos altimĂ©tricos e geolĂłgicos, validados a partir dos remanescentes vegetais existentes na ĂĄrea de drenagem da baĂa de Antonina. A elaboração da mencionada carta em ambiente de Sistemas de InformaçÔes GeogrĂĄficas, alĂ©m de possibilitar seu uso em estudos de modelagem hidrolĂłgica, tambĂ©m permite sua utilização em projetos de recuperação de ĂĄreas degradadas, sobretudo na orientação de quais espĂ©cies vegetais devem ser plantadas em cada localidade. A partir dos resultados obtidos, nota-se que, em nĂșmeros relativos, os compartimentos vegetais mais degradados foram os situados na planĂcie litorĂąnea, com exceção dos manguezais, cujos solos associados nĂŁo sĂŁo aptos Ă agricultura. Percebe-se tambĂ©m a expansĂŁo da agricultura sobre a Floresta OmbrĂłfila Densa Submontana, situada acima de 20 m, a qual denotou a maior degradação em nĂșmeros absolutos (430,16 km2)
Utilisation de donnĂ©es SPOT5 pour la cartographie des habitats benthiques littoraux. Application Ă lâarchipel des Ăźles Chausey (golfe normand-breton, France)
Cette Ă©tude prĂ©sente lâintĂ©rĂȘt et les limites des donnĂ©es de tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection Ă Haute RĂ©solution Spatiale issues du capteur SPOT5 pour la cartographie des habitats benthiques mĂ©diolittoraux. Le site dâĂ©tude, lâarchipel des Ăźles Chausey (golfe normand-breton, France) se caractĂ©rise par un trĂšs vaste estran parsemĂ© dâune multitude dâĂźlots. Par ses contraintes physiques, il constitue un site de recherche privilĂ©giĂ© pour rĂ©pondre aux problĂšmes actuels de cartographies des habitats littoraux, par ailleurs en cours de rĂ©alisation (programme REBENT-IFREMER) et initiĂ©es par les instances publiques (services dĂ©localisĂ©s de lâĂtat) suite aux nombreuses pollutions cĂŽtiĂšres. Des mĂ©thodes de traitement dâimages traditionnelles et couramment utilisĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es et validĂ©es Ă lâĂ©chelle de lâarchipel par des photographies aĂ©riennes rĂ©centes et des campagnes dâĂ©chantillonnages faites sur le terrain. La classification retenue est trĂšs proche de celle de la nomenclature NATURA 2000 en ce qui concerne les habitats naturels de lâestran. Les traitements apportĂ©s permettent dâexplorer quelques potentialitĂ©s de SPOT5 et dâafficher ainsi une premiĂšre Ă©valuation de ces donnĂ©es pour la caractĂ©risation, lâinventaire et le suivi des habitats naturels littoraux.Recent coastal pollutions have induced local and national authorities (research institutes â IFREMER, CNES, IFEN â, decentralised state agencies) to evaluate present mapping techniques and to assess their ability to map coastal benthic habitats. Within these research programs a test site has been choosen to evaluate data from the High Spatial Resolution Satelite SPOT5. It is the Chausey archipelago, in the English Channel which is characterized by a very wide macro tidal shore line with many skerries and very small islands. Such a rugged inter-and sub-tidal topography makes it a very demanding site for cartography. SPOT5 data has been classified (using usual routines of image processing), compared to photos, cross checked with field evidences. This has allowed to point out SPOT5 potential : the classification is very similar to the Natura 2000 check list and shows a good ability to map this type of shore. This preliminary test is a begining to a wider program of coastal monitoring by SPOT5
: Recueil de fiches peÌdagogiques du reÌseau MAPS
DoctoralLe reÌseau theÌmatique MAPS «ModeÌlisation multi-Agent appliqueÌe aux PheÌnomeÌnes SpatialiseÌs » propose depuis 2009 des eÌveÌnements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modeÌlisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de lâHomme et de la SocieÌteÌ (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, dâenseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labelliseÌ en tant que âȘ reÌseau theÌmatique » par le ReÌseau National des SysteÌmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et beÌneÌficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destineÌes aux communauteÌs eÌducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire deÌcouvrir la modeÌlisation aÌ leurs eÌtudiants, mais aussi aÌ ceux qui envisagent dâapprofondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont eÌgalement destineÌes aÌ tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient deÌcouvrir ce que la modeÌlisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opeÌrationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les reÌflexions scientifiques sur la modeÌlisation et la simulation qui ont preÌsideÌ aÌ la reÌdaction de ces fiches
LittoSIM-GEN dans La Lettre des lagunes
https://pole-lagunes.org/littosim-une-plateforme-de-simulation-participativ
LittoSIM présent à SAGEO 2021 à La Rochelle !
Posters LittoSIM Ă la confĂ©rence SAGEO (confĂ©rence scientifique sur la gĂ©omatique et lâanalyse spatiale) - 5 au 7 mai 2021 IntĂ©grer des donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales dans un modĂšle multi-agents : cas de LittoSIM-GEN CĂ©cilia Pignon-Mussaud, Ahmed Laatabi, Marion Amalric, Brice Anselme, Elise Beck, Nicolas Marilleau and Nicolas Becu. https://pod.univ-lr.fr/sageo-2021/video/2874-integrer-des-donnees-geospatiales-dans-un-modele-multi-agents-cas-de-littosim-gen/  Sensibilisation des gestionnair..
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