DIREITO TRIBUTÁRIO, COMPLEXIDADE E ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO

The study criticizes the reductionist model of Science that preponderates among Tax Law scholars, whose efforts are exclusively focused on the structural and semantic studies of tax rules. Other important variables such as the economical effects of the rules are ignored. Tax Law is a complex system that interacts with other social systems, like the economical, and these interactions must be examined by the scholars. Regardful to the need of development in the tax legal studies, this work endorses the construction of a complex Tax Law Science, which demands interdisciplinary studies among other needs. Law and Economics appears as an important tool in the way of development of a complex Tax Law Science. The article exposes some applications of Law and Economics to Tax Law, showing its potential without hiding its limits, then meeting the objective of the paper. The article adopts interdisciplinary as a method and focuses its research in bibliographical material.O estudo critica o modelo reducionista que prevalece na doutrina tributarista. Os esforços da doutrina concentram-se no estudo meramente estrutural e semântico das normas tributárias, ignorando outras variáveis importantes, como os efeitos econômicos que provoca. O Direito Tributário é um sistema complexo que interage com outros sistemas sociais, como o econômico, e essas interações precisam ser examinadas pela doutrina. Atento à necessidade de desenvolvimento dos estudos jurídicos tributários, o trabalho defende a construção de uma ciência do Direito Tributário complexa, o que demanda, dentre outras providências, estudos interdisciplinares. A Análise Econômica do Direito apresenta-se como uma ferramenta importante no caminho para o desenvolvimento de uma ciência complexa do Direito Tributário. Algumas aplicações da Análise Econômica do Direito ao Direito Tributário são expostas no artigo, mostrando suas potencialidades, sem esconder seus limites, cumprindo assim o objetivo do texto. O artigo adota, como método, a interdisciplinaridade e concentra sua pesquisa em material bibliográfico.

PLANTAS USADAS COMO CALMANTE NATURAL EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DE TOLEDO/PR

A ansiedade é um dos sintomas mais comuns gerados pelo estilo de vida moderno e os ansiolíticos, ou calmantes, são medicamentos usados para tratá-la. Estudos científicos apontam a capacidade de algumas plantas atuarem no sistema nervoso central com ação preventiva e/ou terapêutica de transtornos psicossociais. Logo, percebe-se um aumento na procura de práticas complementares, como a fitoterapia, para amenizar os sintomas da ansiedade. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a utilização de plantas com fins calmantes, por usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde que trabalham com Estratégia Saúde da Família (UBS-ESF) em Toledo/PR. Foi aplicado um roteiro semiestruturado contendo perguntas sobre a utilização de plantas com finalidade terapêutica. Os dados foram compilados e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Dos 324 entrevistados, 140 (47,46%) relataram o uso de plantas como calmantes. Treze espécies de plantas utilizadas com finalidade calmante foram citadas 209 vezes pelos usuários. Entre elas, duas corresponderam a 67% de todas as citações – Camomila (Matricaria chamomilla) e Capim cidreira (Cymbopogon citratus). Verificou-se que o uso das plantas se deu, predominantemente, por adultos jovens com idade inferior a 40 anos, sendo consumidas na forma de chá em fervura ou infusão. Destaca-se, ainda, que a maioria das plantas citadas está inclusa na Denominação Comum Brasileira da Anvisa e possuem estudos científicos comprobatórios dos efeitos calmantes, embasando a utilização segura destas plantas, o que reduz o risco de danos à saúde dos usuários

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Health And Child Development Risk Conditions: An Analysis Of High Risk Children In A Specialized Care Outpatient Clinic

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children seen at a high-risk outpatient clinic, report the reasons for referral to the service, the outcomes, and elucidate the importance of specialized care for children at risk provided by public health in Brazil. Method: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional retrospective study that identified the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of children under 12 months of age who started care between January/2017 and December/2018 in a specialized outpatient clinic for high-risk children. Data were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013, while for statistical tests of association, calculation of the odds ratio and confidence interval (95%) the software RStudio (1.4.1103) was used.&nbsp;Results: Of the 246 children seen, 53.66% were male, 76.42% Caucasian, 33.62% premature, 54.73% had low/insufficient weight. At the first consultation 79.67% were less than six months old and 58.54% were eutrophic. The main reasons for referral were prematurity (26.89%), suspected congenital infection (15.53%) and nutritional/gastrointestinal disorders (14.77%). Syphilis stood out among congenital infections with 63.41%. As for the outcome, 62.28% were lost to follow-up, and the use of breast milk was a protective factor for this outcome (OR:0.49; CI:0.26-0.92; p=0.03). Conclusions: The reasons for referral to the high-risk outpatient clinic, evidenced in this study, point to the importance of preventing prematurity, controlling congenital infections, and actions to strengthen the practice of breastfeeding in children under 6 months of age, since it has proven to be a protective factor against loss to follow-up in specialized services

Sociodemographic factors, perinatal and environmental related at cause of previous hospitalization in children with pneumonia

Orientador: Maria Paula Maciel Rando MeirellesDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo:Objetivo: Identificar os fatores sociodemográficos, perinatais e ambientais relacionados à causas de internação anterior de crianças hospitalizadas por pneumonia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, no qual realizou-se um levantamento de dados para verificar a prevalência de internações por pneumonia em crianças de 0 à 12 anos no hospital público de referência em pediatria do município de Ponta Grossa/PR no período de 2010-2014 e aplicado um questionário estruturado aos responsáveis por 221 crianças hospitalizadas por pneumonia no período de maio à setembro de 2015, buscando informações do quadro atual e de internações anteriores. A variável dependente foi causas de internação anterior (doenças respiratórias e outras causas) e as independentes foram: ambientais, socioeconômicas, sociodemográficas, perinatais e de cuidados com a saúde. Realizou-se análise de regressão multinominal de Poissson com ajuste robusto da variância e estimou-se a razão de prevalência de causas de internação anterior com cada variável de acordo seus intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: No período compreendido entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2014 houve um total de 9.191 internações, 43,84% eram crianças com diagnóstico de pneumonia. De 221 crianças hospitalizadas por pneumonia investigadas de maio a setembro de 2015 houve prevalência de 46,6% na faixa etária de menores de 1 ano, 52,5% do gênero masculino, 70,6% dos casos nunca haviam internado anteriormente e 29,4% foram internados anteriormente ao quadro atual pelo menos 1 vez, sendo que destes, 72,3% foram por causas respiratórias e 27,7% por outras causas. Dentre os fatores associados a reinternação por pneumonia, o baixo peso ao nascer, frequentar creche/escola e faixa etária acima de 1 ano obtiveram maior significância estatística (P ? 0,05). Conclusão: A internação anterior por causa respiratória associada à faixa etária acima de 1 ano, frequentar creches/escolas e nascer de baixo ou extremo baixo peso aumentam as chances de hospitalização de crianças por pneumoniaAbstract: Objective: To identify sociodemographic factors, perinatal and environmental related to the previous causes of hospitalization of children hospitalized for pneumonia. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, which took place a data survey to determine the prevalence of hospitalizations for pneumonia in children aged 0 to 12 years in the public referral hospital in pediatrics in the city of Ponta Grossa / PR in period 2010-2014 and applied a structured questionnaire to account for 221 children hospitalized for pneumonia from May to September 2015, seeking information from the current frame and previous hospitalizations. The dependent variable was prior hospitalization causes (respiratory diseases and other causes) and the independent variables were: environmental, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, perinatal and health care. Held multinomial regression analysis Poissson with robust adjustment of variance and estimated the prevalence ratio of previous causes of hospitalization with each variable according their confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: In the period between January 2010 and December 2014 there were a total of 9,191 hospitalizations, 43.84% were children diagnosed with pneumonia. 221 children hospitalized for pneumonia investigated from May to September 2015 there was a prevalence of 46.6% in the age group of children under 1 year, 52.5% male, 70.6% of cases had never previously admitted and 29, 4% were hospitalized prior to the current frame at least one time, and of these, 72.3% were from respiratory causes and 27.7% by other causes. Among the factors associated with rehospitalization for pneumonia, low birth weight, attend day care / school and age over 1 year had higher statistical significance (P ? 0.05). Conclusion: The previous hospitalization for respiratory causes associated with age over 1 year, attend day care / school and be born low or extremely low birth weight increases the chances of hospitalization of children with pneumoniaMestradoOdontologia em Saude ColetivaMestra em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiv

Prostate cancer in rural workers exposed to agrochemicals: scope review

Since the early 2000s there has been an increasing number of studies evaluating pesticide exposure and its consequences for worker health. However, they are not systematized in relation to prostate cancer in rural workers. We aimed to map the literature dealing with the association between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of prostate cancer in rural workers. A scoping review was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The descriptors “Agrochemicals”, “Farmers” and “Prostatic Neoplasms” were employed. Nineteen articles were part of this review. In seventeen articles, associations were found between the occurrence of prostate cancer in rural workers and exposure to agrochemicals. The related risk factors were: family history, smoking, race/color, advanced age, genetic alterations, tons of soybeans produced, and the use of specific pesticides. The literature points to the existence of consistency and biological plausibility for the occurrence of prostate cancer in individuals exposed to pesticides who perform agricultural activities

Biological, biochemical and molecular features of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from patients infected through oral transmission during a 2005 outbreak in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: its correspondence with the new T. cruzi Taxonomy Consensus (2009).

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-11-21T20:34:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade SG Biological biochemical....pdf: 2010895 bytes, checksum: 1d866da26b9fc441d2257f34ddb9849b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-21T20:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade SG Biological biochemical....pdf: 2010895 bytes, checksum: 1d866da26b9fc441d2257f34ddb9849b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Florianópolis, SC, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilWe examined strains of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from patients with acute Chagas disease that had been acquired by oral transmission in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2005) and two isolates that had been obtained from a marsupial (Didelphis aurita) and a vector (Triatoma tibiamaculata). These strains were characterised through their biological behaviour and isoenzymic profiles and genotyped according to the new Taxonomy Consensus (2009) based on the discrete typing unities, that is, T. cruzi genotypes I-VI. All strains exhibited the biological behaviour of biodeme type II. In six isolates, late peaks of parasitaemia, beyond the 20th day, suggested a double infection with biodemes II + III. Isoenzymes revealed Z2 or mixed Z1 and Z2 profiles. Genotyping was performed using three polymorphic genes (cytochrome oxidase II, spliced leader intergenic region and 24Sα rRNA) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the kDNA minicircles. Based on these markers, all but four isolates were characterised as T. cruzi II genotypes. Four mixed populations were identified: SC90, SC93 and SC97 (T. cruzi I + T. cruzi II) and SC95 (T. cruzi I + T. cruzi VI). Comparison of the results obtained by different methods was essential for the correct identification of the mixed populations and major lineages involved indicating that characterisation by different methods can provide new insights into the relationship between phenotypic and genotypic aspects of parasite behaviour