Pontes de miocárdio em cães. II. Topologia

Estudou-se em 134 corações de cães de diferentes raças a localização das pontes de miocárdio, mediante dissecação das artérias coronárias injetadas com solução de gelatina ou Neoprene Látex. Verificou-se que as pontes de miocárdio ocorrem em 90,43% nos ramos da a. coronária esquerda e em 9,57% nos ramos da a. coronária direita. Sua posição foi assinalada em 37,23% na porção dorsal do ventrículo, em 28,72% na média, em 21,28% na ventral, em 7,45% no ápice e simultaneamente nas porções dorsal e média em 3,19% e nas porções média e ventral em 2,13%. Não foram notadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao sexo.The authors have studied the location of myocardial bridges in 134 hearts of different breed, pure dogs. After injection of Neoprene Latex or gelatine solution, the coronary arteries were dissected. Myocardial bridges (90.43%) were observed in branches of the left coronary arteries, and 9.57% in branches of the right coronary arteries. The bridges' locations were: 37.23% in the dorsal portion; 28.72% in the medium portion; 21.28% in the ventral portion; 7.45% in the vertex portion; 3.19% simultaneously in the dorsal and medium portions and 2.13% simultaneously in the medium and ventral portions. Statistical differences were not observed between males and females

PRODUÇÃO LACRIMAL E DENSIDADE DE CÉLULAS CALICIFORMES CONJUNTIVAIS EM CÃES DA RAÇA SHIH-TZU

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar quantitativa e qualitativamente a produção lacrimal de cães da raça Shih Tzu, confrontando a produção lacrimal na raça Shih Tzu e a descrita em outras raças. A avaliação quantitativa foi realizada em 35 animais, por meio dos testes lacrimais de Schirmer 1 e 2 (TLS-1 e TLS-2), na ausência e na presença de anestesia local, respectivamente. Uma avaliação qualitativa, relativa à camada lacrimal mucosa, foi realizada por meio da obtenção da densidade de células caliciformes (DCC) conjuntivais, em 15 animais. Os valores médios obtidos para TLS-1 foram 19,66 ± 7,30 e 21,97 ± 5,69 para o olho esquerdo (OE) e olho direito (OD), respectivamente. Os valores médios obtidos para TLS-2 foram 10,71 ± 6,10 e 9,14 ± 4,78 para OE e OD, respectivamente. Tanto os valores de TLS-1 quanto os de TLS-2 encontrados para a raça Shih Tzu estão dentro dos padrões de produção lacrimal normal descritos para cães hígidos de outras raças A densidade de células caliciformes média encontrada para o OE foi de 13,64 ± 3,44; e para o OD, de 13,64 ± 4, 07, valores inferiores aos descritos para cães hígidos de outras raças. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: braquicefálico; cão; lágrima; mucina; Schirmer

Where do they live? Predictive geographic distribution of Tadarida brasiliensis brasiliensis (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in South America

Tadarida brasiliensis, the Brazilian free-tailed bat, is an insectivorous molossid with a wide distribution in the Americas. It occurs in different ecosystems and uses varied shelters, from caves and crevices to human constructions, such as roofs and ceilings. Despite its wide distribution, there are several sampling gaps that make it difficult to identify the regions where the species occurs. This is a particular problem for the subspecies T. brasiliensis brasiliensis in South America, a region with few studies in comparison to North America. Considering these problems involved with identifying the distribution of T. b. brasiliensis in South America, we inferred its distribution based on 121 confirmed occurrences for the subspecies. We created a species distribution model (SDM) using the ensemble approach from the combination of BIOCLIM, SVM, GLM and MaxEnt algorithms. The resulting model suggested that the subspecies is unlikely to occur in the Amazon region and has a positive affinity with human population density, topography, a lower vegetation index, and the precipitation in the driest month. Our results show there is a large continuous area suitable for T. b. brasiliensis in central and eastern South America, with interruptions and narrow areas toward Central America. The population in this last area is separated from a smaller site in Chile by Andean deserts, snowy peaks, and high-altitude points. Our results demonstrated that along its distribution suitable habitat for T. b. brasiliensis is not continuous. The discontinuities in populations require further investigation to determine if there are phylogeographic consequences for the species

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Efeitos termais associados aos diabásios mesozóicos da bacia do Paraná

This paper deals with hornfelses produced by sills and dikes related to the basaltic activity of the Paraná Basin. The studied samples come from the Paulínia, Assistência, Taguaí and Itapeva regions, in the State of São Paulo. In Itapeva, the temperature attained during the recrystallization is estimated at about 740-820º C, corresponding to 500-1000 PH2O- The mineralogical paragenesis of the remaing group of hornfelses provides informations only about the minimum temperatures of recrystallization. From chemical and mineralojpcal analyses, some inferences were made about the nature of the parent rocks, particularly in the Paulínia occurrence. All the studied hornfelses have small contact aureoles, consisting of fine-grained rocks which show no grain size decrease with increasing distance from the contact. These features are analysed and discussed.Foram estudados no presente trabalho efeitos termais provocados por intrusões de sills e diques de diabásio, relacionados ao magmatismo basáltico da bacia do Paraná, nas regiões de Paulínia, Assistência, Taguaí e Itapeva, SP. As associações mineralógicas observadas permitiram inferências tâo somente quanto às temperaturas mínimas de recristalização, à exceção de Itapeva onde a paragênese observada permitiu estimar o clímax do evento termal em cerca de 740-820ºC, correspondente a 500-1000 bars de PH2O. Análises químicas e mineralógicas dos hornfels formados permitiram ressaltar aspectos relativos às rochas originais, particularmente no caso de Paulínia, onde se comparou o hornfels a vários sedimentos argilosos do Grupo Tubarão. Todos os hornfels estudados têm pequenas auréolas de contato, formadas de rochas de granulação fina, que não exibem diminuição da granulação com o aumento de distância do contato. Essas feições são analisadas e discutidas