Online sharing educational content on biodiversity topics: a case study from organic agriculture and agroecology

E-Learning Technologies and Standards are emerging as the dominant way to make educational content widely available. Approaches to these technologies should be domain-independent and easily adaptable to different contexts. Organic.Edunet aims at making content on Organic Agriculture and Agroecology widely available through a single point of reference. To achieve this, the project has adopted and adapted Open Software solutions and has built upon them to offer the Organic.Edunet Web Federation Portal and the Repository Suite of Tools. This paper presents the tools that were developed in the frame of Organic.Edunet project, serving as a guide for all individuals that aim at establishing similar tools in a field such as the biodiversity

Automatic ROI detection and classification of the Achilles tendon ultrasound images

Ultrasound (US) imaging plays an important role in medical imaging technologies. It is widely used because of its ease of use and low cost compared to other imaging techniques. Specifically, ultrasound imaging is used in the detection of the Achilles Tendon (AT) pathologies as it detects important details. For example, US imaging is used for AT rupture that affects about 1 in 5,000 people worldwide. Decision support systems are important in medical imaging, as they assist radiologist in detecting probable diagnoses and lesions. The work presented in this paper concerns the development of a software application to detect changes in the AT ultrasound images and subsequently classify them into normal or abnormal. We propose an approach that fully automates the detection for the Region of Interest (ROI) in ultrasound AT images. The original image is divided into six blocks with 1 cm size in each direction. The blocks lie inside the vulnerable area considered as our ROI. The proposed system achieved an accuracy of 97.21%

Constrained snake vs. conventional snake for carotid ultrasound automated IMT measurements on multi-center data sets

Accurate intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement of the carotid artery from minimal plaque ultrasound images is a relevant clinical need, since IMT increase is related to the progression of atherosclerosis. In this paper, we describe a novel dual snake-based model for the high-performance carotid IMT measurement, called Carotid Measurement Using Dual Snakes (CMUDS). Snakes (which are deformable contours) adapt to the lumen-intima (LI) and media-adventitia (MA) interfaces, thus enabling the IMT computation as distance between the LI and MA snakes. However, traditional snakes might be unable to maintain a correct distance and in some spatial location along the artery, it might even collapse between them or diverge. The technical improvement of this work is the definition of a dual snake-based constrained system, which prevents the LI and MA snakes from collapsing or bleeding, thus optimizing the IMT estimation. The CMUDS system consists of two parametric models automatically initialized using the far adventitia border which we automatically traced by using a previously developed multi-resolution approach. The dual snakes evolve simultaneously and are constrained by the distances between them, ensuring the regularization of LI/MA topology. We benchmarked our automated CMUDS with the previous conventional semi-automated snake system called Carotid Measurement Using Single Snake (CMUSS). Two independent readers manually traced the LIMA boundaries of a multi-institutional, multi-ethnic, and multi-scanner database of 665 CCA longitudinal 2D images. We evaluated our system performance by comparing it with the gold standard as traced by clinical readers. CMUDS and CMUSS correctly processed 100% of the 665 images. Comparing the performance with respect to the two readers, our automatically measured IMT was on average very close to that of the two readers (IMT measurement biases for CMUSS was equal to −0.011 ± 0.329 mm and −0.045 ± 0.317 mm, respectively, while for CMUDS, it was 0.030 ± 0.284 mm and −0.004 ± 0.273 mm, respectively). The Figure-of-Merit of the system was 98.5% and 94.4% for CMUSS, while 96.0% and 99.6% for CMUDS, respectively. Results showed that the dual-snake system CMUDS reduced the IMT measurement error accuracy (Wilcoxon, p < 0.02) and the IMT error variability (Fisher, p < 3 × 10−2). We propose the CMUDS technique for use in large multi-centric studies, where the need for a standard, accurate, and automated IMT measurement technique is require

Υπολογιστική επεξεργασία και ανάλυση ακολουθιών εικόνων υπερήχων της καρωτίδας: συσχέτιση με τη μηχανική συμπεριφορά του αρτηριακού τοιχώματος

The purpose of this Ph.D. thesis is to develop and apply advanced image processing and analysis methods to sequences of B-mode ultrasound images of the carotid artery aiming to support the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis. The computational methods, presented in the thesis, are applied to both synthetic and real ultrasound data. Based on the findings of a carefully designed study, optimal ultrasound device settings are proposed for reliable motion estimation. Standardized techniques, including image normalization, are also recommended for image processing tasks. Texture analysis of the carotid atheromatous plaque was performed using three transform-based methods (Fourier transform, Wavelet transform and Gabor filters). Texture features estimated using the discrete 2D Wavelet transform and the Gabor filters are found significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Four different approaches are proposed for the analysis of motion of the carotid artery wall and a validation study is performed using simulated data. The weighted least-squares optical flow method is found to have the best performance. This method is subsequently used to analyze the motion of the healthy carotid artery wall, as well as of the arterial wall with asymptomatic and symptomatic atheromatous plaque. Moreover, an automatic segmentation method based on Hough transform is proposed for the segmentation of the arterial wall from B-mode ultrasound images of longitudinal and transverse sections of the carotid artery. The method can be used for the estimation of widely used diagnostic measures, such as the intima-media thickness and the arterial distension waveforms. The accuracy of the method was reasonably high for longitudinal sections and somewhat lower for transverse sections and diseased arteries. A combination of Hough transform and active contours is proposed to improve the segmentation results in those cases. A mathematical model of the mechanical deformation of the carotid artery wall is also proposed. In an attempt to determine a patient-specific approach, the model is fitted to actual displacement waveforms estimated using the least-squares optical flow method to B-mode ultrasound image sequences of the carotid artery. A number of model parameters are found significantly different between different layers of the arterial wall and between healthy and diseased wall. The previous methods for the processing and analysis of B-mode ultrasound images of the carotid artery are integrated to a modular software system (ANALYSIS). Analysis can be a useful and powerful tool for the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis. The computational methods presented in this thesis are expected to contribute not only to the study of the mechanical behavior of the healthy and diseased carotid artery wall but also to the definition of an objective and reliable approach for the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis and the optimal selection of patients for carotid endarterectomy.Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή έχει στόχο την υπολογιστική υποβοήθηση της διάγνωσης της αθηρωμάτωσης μέσω της ανάπτυξης και εφαρμογής προηγμένων μεθοδολογιών επεξεργασίας και ανάλυσης ακολουθιών εικόνων υπερήχων β-σάρωσης της καρωτίδας. Οι μέθοδοι που παρουσιάζονται στη διατριβή αξιολογούνται τόσο σε συνθετικά όσο και σε πραγματικά απεικονιστικά δεδομένα. Μετά από διεξοδική μελέτη προτείνονται οι κατάλληλες ρυθμίσεις της υπερηχοτομογραφικής διάταξης καθώς και η εφαρμογή διαδικασίας κανονικοποίησης των λαμβανομένων εικόνων, με στόχο τη βελτιστοποίηση του αποτελέσματος των διαδικασιών επεξεργασίας εικόνας. Για την ανάλυση της υφής της αθηρωματικής πλάκας στην καρωτίδα, προτείνονται και αξιολογούνται συγκριτικά τρεις τεχνικές μετασχηματισμού: μετασχηματισμός Fourier, μετασχηματισμός κυματιδίου και φίλτρα Gabor. Αποδεικνύεται ότι χαρακτηριστικά υφής που υπολογίζονται τόσο με βάση το μετασχηματισμό κυματιδίου όσο και με τα φίλτρα Gabor μπορούν να διαχωρίσουν τους δυο τύπους αθηρωματικών πλακών (συμπτωματικές και ασυμπτωματικές). Για την εκτίμηση της κίνησης του τοιχώματος της καρωτίδας προτείνονται και αξιολογούνται τέσσερις μέθοδοι, από τις οποίες η μέθοδος της οπτικής ροής ελάχιστων τετραγώνων με βάρη βρέθηκε να έχει τη βέλτιστη απόδοση. Η μέθοδος αυτή χρησιμοποιείται για την εκτίμηση της μετατόπισης τόσο του υγιούς τοιχώματος της καρωτίδας, όσο και τοιχώματος με ασυμπτωματική ή συμπτωματική αθηρωματική πλάκα. Επιπλέον, προτείνεται μια αυτόματη μέθοδος κατάτμησης του τοιχώματος της καρωτίδας από διαμήκεις και εγκάρσιες εικόνες υπερήχων, η οποία βασίζεται στο μετασχηματισμό Hough. Η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία χρησιμοποιείται για τον υπολογισμό χρήσιμων για τη διάγνωση ποσοτικών δεικτών, όπως το πάχος του έσω-μέσου χιτώνα και οι κυματομορφές μεταβολής της αρτηριακής διαμέτρου. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα, η εν γένει υψηλή ακρίβεια της μεθόδου περιορίζεται για την περίπτωση εγκάρσιων τομών και αθηρωμάτωσης. Για τη βελτίωση του αποτελέσματος της κατάτμησης σε αυτές τις περιπτώσεις, προτείνεται ο συνδυασμός του μετασχηματισμού Hough με ενεργές καμπύλες. Η μελέτη της κίνησης του αρτηριακού τοιχώματος συμπληρώνεται με ένα μαθηματικό μοντέλο για την παραμόρφωση του αρτηριακού τοιχώματος κατά την ακτινική και αξονική διεύθυνση. Για την εξατομίκευση του μοντέλου και τον προσδιορισμό των παραμέτρων του, πραγματοποιείται προσαρμογή σε πραγματικές μετρήσεις της παραμόρφωσης, που υπολογίζονται με εφαρμογή της μεθόδου ανάλυσης κίνησης σε ακολουθίες εικόνων συγκεκριμένων ασθενών. Ορισμένες παράμετροι του μαθηματικού μοντέλου βρέθηκαν να διαφοροποιούνται σημαντικά μεταξύ των στρωμάτων του αρτηριακού τοιχώματος αλλά και μεταξύ υγιούς τοιχώματος και τοιχώματος με αθηρωμάτωση. Η υλοποίηση των παραπάνω μεθοδολογιών σε συνδυασμό με κατάλληλη διεπιφάνεια χρήσης οδήγησε στην ανάπτυξη ενός ολοκληρωμένου συστήματος λογισμικού (ANALYSIS), το οποίο στοχεύει στην υποβοήθηση της διάγνωσης της αθηρωμάτωσης της καρωτίδας. Το σύνολο των μεθόδων που παρουσιάζονται στη διδακτορική διατριβή αναμένεται να συμβάλουν αφενός στη μελέτη της μηχανικής συμπεριφοράς του φυσιολογικού και αθηρωματικού αρτηριακού τοιχώματος και αφετέρου στην καθιέρωση μιας πιο αντικειμενικής και αξιόπιστης προσέγγισης για τη διάγνωση της αθηρωμάτωσης και την επιλογή ασθενών υποψήφιων για ενδαρτηρεκτομή

Innovation in the teaching of sustainable development in Europe: the case of ISLE Erasmus Network

Sustainable Development (SD) is one of the most widely used terms during the last years. It is a multidisciplinary concept, which applies mostly to life sciences but is not limited to them. Even though the short survey conducted by the authors revealed that there are only a few cases of Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) around Europe that provide programs dedicated to SD, it is obvious that there is a constant raise in the need for implementing courses related to SD in existing programs. This paper discusses the case study of I.S.L.E., an Erasmus Academic Network, which aims to use the existing knowledge and tools in the context of teaching sustainable development topics in Universities and HEIs around Europe as a basis, and elaborate further by introducing an innovative approach towards the improvement of teaching SD in HEIs, based on the current needs as they are identified by the actions of the Network.The work presented in this paper has been funded with support by the European Commission, and more specifically the Erasmus Academic Network “I.S.L.E network: Innovation in the teaching of Sustainable Development in Life sciences in Europe” (14194177267-LLP-1-2010-1-FR-ERASMUSENWA) of the Erasmus Programme

Online Web portal of competence-based training opportunities for Organic Agriculture

A number of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools such as web portals, learning portals and course management platforms have been developed and used in order to support EU-funded research and training projects in the area of Organic Agriculture (OA). This tools transfer the technological infrastructure needed in order to facilitate specific tasks, such as the organization of educational, research and information content, like the competences, learning opportunities, certificates and vocational opportunities. This paper presents the case of the CerOrganic Web portal (http://portal.cerorganic.eu), which is used for providing access to resources related to vocational education and training in the context of OA