Strukturerende virkemidler - En narratologisk undersøkelse av muntlig

Since the early beginnings of human existence we have shared narratives with each other; from ancient cave paintings to the stories that we share from our everyday life by facebook statuses or the movies we watch on Netflix. Even though oral story telling is assumed to be the first medium of these narratives, according to historians, it has only recently been admitted into the Norwegian educational system. In this master thesis I shall examine this expressive art form in the light of the science of narratives; narratology. Narratology is in the context of this thesis, briefly summarized, a human science that seeks to interpret what is depicted in a narrative, and how this is done. It is common to apply the diconomy story level and discourse level on a narrative, where the first term corresponds with what and the latter one with how. Further the theory of narratolgy offers categories of devices to understand and to sort out what from the story level that is represented on the discourse level of the narrative, and how it´s done. When the discursive articulation through this process of representation is done, the narrative is ready to be manifested in a medium. In this thesis I attempt to discover how "Krigsfortellinger", as a representaive of the art of oral story telling, relates to different categories presented in narrative theory. The theoretical framework is mainly based on the perspectives of Seymour Chatman and Gèrard Genette, who are both described as structuralists in the field of narratology. Through hermeneutic interpretation I shall perform a narratological analysis where I examine "Krigsfortellingers" application of narrative effects.Master i estetiske fa

Brand and customer experience in service organizations : literature review and brand experience construct validation

Commoditization of goods and services has generated a need for providing customer value beyond functional attributes and benefits. The concepts of brand and customer experience have therefore gained increased interest among marketing scholars and practitioners. The experience literature is primarily descriptive and managerially oriented, for the most part ignoring the conceptual nature of experience, its underlying dimensions, and its relationship with other key brand concepts. Following a literature review of how brand and customer experience have been conceptualized and empirically studied, this paper presents a study with the purpose of testing a recently published brand experience scale. In addition to validating the established dimensions of the measurement scale, the study tests an additional dimension; relational experience, which is proposed as particularly relevant for service brands. The study also reports results of a test of the relationship between experience and other brand-related scales

1945’s Forgotten Insight: Multilateralism as Realist Necessity

The 70th anniversary of the signing and entry into force of the UN Charter provided an occasion to explore the historical underpinnings of contemporary global governance. This article redresses the neglect of the United Nations as a multilateral structure before the conference that drafted the Charter in 1945. It rehabilitates an underappreciated aspect of the period that began on January 1, 1942, with the “Declaration by United Nations,” namely, the combination of multilateral strategies for military and human security to achieve victory in war and peace. The wide substantive and geographic resonance suggests the extent to which the pressures of the second war to end all wars helped states to overcome their disinclination to collaborate. Today’s fashionable calls for “good enough” global governance abandon the strategy of constructing robust intergovernmental organizations; they are not good enough, especially, because our forebears did much better. Many insights and operational approaches from 1942 to 1945 remain valid for addressing twenty-first-century global challenges

When is Sustainability a Liability, and When Is It an Asset? Quality Inferences for Core and Peripheral Attributes

Sustainable products ofered in today’s marketplace are labelled with product-related green attributes (i.e. green core attributes) or non-product-related green attributes (i.e. green peripheral attributes). The current research investigates consumers’ inferences about a product’s functional quality when its core attributes are green (e.g. the ingredients) and when its peripheral attributes are green (e.g. the product packaging). Four experimental studies and an internal meta-analysis show that there is a sustainability liability efect in strength-dependent categories (for both core and peripheral attributes), and a sustainability asset efect in gentleness-dependent categories (for core attributes only). Our research contributes to the current understanding of how consumers make inferences about product quality when contemplating diferent types of green attributes. The fndings have implications for how strength-dependent and gentleness-dependent products should be labelled as green.publishedVersio

Eksperimentering for bærekraftig forretningsmodellinnovasjon

© Econas Informasjonsservice ASI møte med forventninger om økt bærekraft, rask teknologiutvikling og endrede kundepreferanser utfordres eksisterende forretningsmodeller stadig raskere. Samtidig er disse trendene drivere for nye forretningsmodeller. I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan dette krever at bedrifter evner å eksperimentere med nye forretningsmodeller, og at det gir store muligheter for de bedriftene som lykkes med det. Med eksperimentering mener vi her utvikling og testing av nye ideer gjennom en kombinasjon av ulike eksperimentelle tilnærminger. Dette omfatter hele prosessen fra å forstå nåværende forretningsmodell, til design og utvikling av nye hypoteser og piloter, og til markedstesting av disse ved hjelp av tilnærminger som dybdeintervjuer, observasjoner og randomiserte AB-tester i felt. Det er fremdeles for lite kunnskap om hvordan dette kan gjøres i praksis. I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi hva slik eksperimentering innebærer, hvorfor det er viktig, og hvordan ledere kan eksperimentere for å designe og iverksette bærekraftige og lønnsomme forretningsmodeller. Vi introduserer en prosessmodell for bærekraftig forretningsmodellinnovasjon og eksperimentering, og illustrerer dette ved å diskutere hvordan vi arbeider med Orkla Home & Personal Care i et pågående forskningsprosjekt. På denne måten illustrerer vi også hvordan ledere kan lede tilsvarende eksperimenterings- og innovasjonsprosesser i sine egne virksomheter.publishedVersio

The effect of digital signage on shoppers' behavior: the role of the evoked experience

This paper investigates the role of digital signage as experience provider in retail spaces. The findings of a survey-based field experiment demonstrate that digital signage content high on sensory cues evokes affective experience and strengthens customers’ experiential processing route. In contrast, digital signage messages high on “features and benefits” information evoke intellectual experience and strengthen customers’ deliberative processing route. The affective experience is more strongly associated with the attitude towards the ad and the approach behavior towards the advertiser than the intellectual experience. The effect of an ad high on sensory cues on shoppers’ approach to the advertiser is stronger for first-time shoppers, and therefore important in generating loyalty. The findings indicate that the design of brand-related informational cues broadcast over digital in-store monitors affects shoppers’ information processing. The cues evoke sensory and affective experiences and trigger deliberative processes that lead to attitude construction and finally elicit approach behavior towards the advertisers

Parallel languages in the history of language ideology in Norway and the lesson for Nordic higher education

This chapter compares recent policy on the use of English and Norwegian in Higher Education with earlier policies on the relationship between the two standard varieties of Norwegian, and it charts how and why English became a policy issue in Norway. Based on the experience of over a century of language planning, a highly interventionist approach is today being avoided and language policies in the universities of Norway seek to nurture a situation where English and Norwegian may be used productively side-by-side. However, there remain serious practical challenges to be overcome. This paper also builds on a previous analysis (Linn 2010b) of the metalanguage of Nordic language policy and seeks to clarify the use of the term ‘parallelingualism’

Strategies of feminist bureaucrats : perspectives from international NGOs

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for feminists working as women’s rights and gender equality specialists in international non-governmental development organisations, as analysed from an insider practitioner perspective. Part 1 identifies the strategies used and the challenges encountered when Turquet lobbied DFID on its gender equality policy while struggling to avoid marginalisation within her own organisation, Action Aid. In Part 2, Smyth describes how she left Oxfam for a year to work in the Asian Development Bank and uses this experience to consider the strategic opportunities available to a gender specialist working in an NGO such as Oxfam as compared with working in an international finance institution. Keywords: INGOs, gender mainstreaming, feminist activism, gender and developmen