Tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup di Desa Tegalluar serta hubungannya dengan Hukum Pidana Islam dan Undang - Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.

Pencemaran lingkungan hidup marak terjadi di wilayah Indonesia, Padahal dinegara Indonesia menetapkan UU. Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 sebagai dasar yang mengatur permasalahan lingkungan hidup. Khususnya didaerah Desa Tegalluar diduga telah terjadi kegiatan pencemaran lingkungan hidup, hal ini terjadi karena di akibatkan oleh pabrik yang membuang limbah ke anak sungai Citarum yaitu sungai Silisungan di Daerah Gudang Sapan Desa Tegalluar, sehingga memberikan dampak buruk terhadap sungai tersebut. Kegiatan ini yang menjadi tolak ukur permasalahan yang tertulis didalam rumusan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, 1) Bagaimana Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Islam terhadap Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pelaku Pencemaran Lingkungan di Desa Tegalluar; 2) Bagaimana Tinjauan UU. Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 terhadap Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pelaku Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup di Desa Tegalluar; 3) Mengetahui Bagaimana Analisis Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Islam dan UU. Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup di Desa Tegalluar. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori sistem hukum, Menurut Lawrence Meir Fiedman untuk menentukan efektif tidaknya suatu penegakan hukum di suatu wilayah berdasarkan subtansi hukum, struktur hukum dan Budaya hukum. Jenis Penelitian ini Field dengan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis serta menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, sehingga memiliki sumber primer yang dihasilkan melalui penelitian lapangan dan sumber sekunder yang dihasilkan melalui peneltian Pustaka. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut : 1) Segala bentuk Tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup di Desa Tegalluar menurut hukum pidana Islam dikategorikan sebagai Jarimah Ta’zir dengan hukuman denda. 2) UU. Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 terbagi dua, Untuk Pabrik dan Industri khususnya diwilayah Desa Tegalluar yang dengan sengaja melakukan pencemaran lingkungan hidup seharusnya diberi sanksi pidana penjara paling singkat tiga tahun dan paling lama sepuluh tahun dan denda paling sedikit tiga miliar rupiah dan paling banyak sepuluh miliar rupiah. Jika dianggap lalai dalam pengelolaan limbah maka seharusnya diberi sanksi pidana penjara paling singkat satu tahun dan paling lama tiga tahun dan denda paling sedikit satu miliar rupiah dan paling banyak tiga miliar rupiah. Serta jika melakukan Dumping jika tanpa memiliki izin lingkungan seharusnya diberi sanksi dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama tiga tahun dan denda paling banyak tiga miliar rupiah. 3) Analisis Tinjauan hukum pidana Islam dan UU. Nomor 32 Tahun 2009. Jika ditinjau dari segi tujuan hal ini sejalan. Seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Maqasid syari’ah dan Tujuan UU. Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan lingkungan Hidup, Persamaan dari kedua tinjauan tersebut adalah melarangan kegiatan pencemaran lingkungan hidup di Desa Tegalluar, dan perbedaan dari kedua tinjauan tersebut adalah pemberian sanksi bagi pelaku pencemaran lingkungan hidup

The multi-modality cardiac imaging approach to the Athlete's heart: an expert consensus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

The term 'athlete's heart' refers to a clinical picture characterized by a slow heart rate and enlargement of the heart. A multi-modality imaging approach to the athlete's heart aims to differentiate physiological changes due to intensive training in the athlete's heart from serious cardiac diseases with similar morphological features. Imaging assessment of the athlete's heart should begin with a thorough echocardiographic examination. Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness by echocardiography can contribute to the distinction between athlete's LV hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). LV end-diastolic diameter becomes larger (>55 mm) than the normal limits only in end-stage HCM patients when the LV ejection fraction is <50%. Patients with HCM also show early impairment of LV diastolic function, whereas athletes have normal diastolic function. When echocardiography cannot provide a clear differential diagnosis, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging should be performed. With CMR, accurate morphological and functional assessment can be made. Tissue characterization by late gadolinium enhancement may show a distinctive, non-ischaemic pattern in HCM and a variety of other myocardial conditions such as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis. The work-up of athletes with suspected coronary artery disease should start with an exercise ECG. In athletes with inconclusive exercise ECG results, exercise stress echocardiography should be considered. Nuclear cardiology techniques, coronary cardiac tomography (CCT) and/or CMR may be performed in selected cases. Owing to radiation exposure and the young age of most athletes, the use of CCT and nuclear cardiology techniques should be restricted to athletes with unclear stress echocardiography or CMR

Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments in elite soccer players: an ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ultrasound speckle tracking from grey scale images allows the assessment of regional strain derived from 2D regardless of angle intonation, and it is highly reproducible. The study aimed to evaluate regional left ventricular functional reserve in elite soccer players.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>50 subjects (25 elite athletes and 25 sedentary controls), aged 26 ± 3.5, were submitted to an echo exam, at rest and after the Hand Grip (HG) test. Both standard echo parameters and strain were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ejection fraction was similar in athletes and controls both at rest (athletes 58 ± 2 vs controls 57 ± 4 p ns) and after HG (athletes 60 ± 2 vs controls 58 ± 3 p ns). Basal (septal and anterior) segments showed similar strain values in athletes and controls both at rest (athletes S% -19.9 ± 4.2; controls S% -18.8 ± 4.9 p = ns) and after HG (athletes S% -20.99 ± 2.8; controls S% -19.46 ± 4.4 p = ns). Medium-apical segments showed similar strain values at rest (athletes S% -17.31 ± 2.3; controls S% -20.00 ± 5.3 p = ns), but higher values in athletes after HG (athletes S% -24.47 ± 2.8; controls S% -20.47 ± 5.4 p < 0.05)</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In athletes with physiological myocardial hypertrophy, a brief isometric effort produces enhancement of the strain in medium-apical left ventricular segments, suggesting the presence of a higher regional function reserve which can be elicited with an inotropic challenge and suitable methods of radial function quantification such as 2D-derived strain.</p

Left and right ventricular longitudinal strain-volume/area relationships in elite athletes.

We propose a novel ultrasound approach with the primary aim of establishing the temporal relationship of structure and function in athletes of varying sporting demographics. 92 male athletes were studied [Group IA, (low static-low dynamic) (n = 20); Group IC, (low static-high dynamic) (n = 25); Group IIIA, (high static-low dynamic) (n = 21); Group IIIC, (high static-high dynamic) (n = 26)]. Conventional echocardiography of both the left ventricles (LV) and right ventricles (RV) was undertaken. An assessment of simultaneous longitudinal strain and LV volume/RV area was provided. Data was presented as derived strain for % end diastolic volume/area. Athletes in group IC and IIIC had larger LV end diastolic volumes compared to athletes in groups IA and IIIA (50 ± 6 and 54 ± 8 ml/(m(2))(1.5) versus 42 ± 7 and 43 ± 2 ml/(m(2))(1.5) respectively). Group IIIC also had significantly larger mean wall thickness (MWT) compared to all groups. Athletes from group IIIC required greater longitudinal strain for any given % volume which correlated to MWT (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001). Findings were similar in the RV with the exception that group IIIC athletes required lower strain for any given % area. There are physiological differences between athletes with the largest LV and RV in athletes from group IIIC. These athletes also have greater resting longitudinal contribution to volume change in the LV which, in part, is related to an increased wall thickness. A lower longitudinal contribution to area change in the RV is also apparent in these athletes

Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Assessment of the Athlete's Heart: Is It Ready for Daily Practice?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the use of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in the biventricular assessment of athletes' heart (AH). Can STE aid differential diagnosis during pre-participation cardiac screening (PCS) of athletes? RECENT FINDINGS: Data from recent patient, population and athlete studies suggest potential discriminatory value of STE, alongside standard echocardiographic measurements, in the early detection of clinically relevant systolic dysfunction. STE can also contribute to subsequent prognosis and risk stratification. Despite some heterogeneity in STE data in athletes, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and right ventricular longitudinal strain (RV ɛ) indices can add to differential diagnostic protocols in PCS. STE should be used in addition to standard echocardiographic tools and be conducted by an experienced operator with significant knowledge of the AH. Other indices, including left ventricular circumferential strain and twist, may provide insight, but further research in clinical and athletic populations is warranted. This review also raises the potential role for STE measures performed during exercise as well as in serial follow-up as a method to improve diagnostic yield

Left ventricular speckle tracking-derived cardiac strain and cardiac twist mechanics in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies

Background: The athlete’s heart is associated with physiological remodeling as a consequence of repetitive cardiac loading. The effect of exercise training on left ventricular (LV) cardiac strain and twist mechanics are equivocal, and no meta-analysis has been conducted to date. Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review the literature pertaining to the effect of different forms of athletic training on cardiac strain and twist mechanics and determine the influence of traditional and contemporary sporting classifications on cardiac strain and twist mechanics. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for controlled studies of aged-matched male participants aged 18–45 years that used two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking with a defined athlete sporting discipline and a control group not engaged in training programs. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions were conducted. Results: Our review included 13 studies with 945 participants (controls n = 355; athletes n = 590). Meta-analyses showed no athlete–control differences in LV strain or twist mechanics. However, moderator analyses showed greater LV twist in high-static low-dynamic athletes (d = –0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] –1.32 to –0.20; p < 0.01) than in controls. Peak untwisting velocity (PUV) was greater in high-static low-dynamic athletes (d = –0.43, 95% CI –0.84 to –0.03; p < 0.05) but less than controls in high-static high-dynamic athletes (d = 0.79, 95% CI 0.002–1.58; p = 0.05). Elite endurance athletes had significantly less twist and apical rotation than controls (d = 0.68, 95% CI 0.19–1.16, p < 0.01; d = 0.64, 95% CI 0.27–1.00, p = 0.001, respectively) but no differences in basal rotation. Meta-regressions showed LV mass index was positively associated with global longitudinal (b = 0.01, 95% CI 0.002–0.02; p < 0.05), whereas systolic blood pressure was negatively associated with PUV (b = –0.06, 95% CI –0.13 to –0.001; p = 0.05). Conclusion: Echocardiographic 2D speckle tracking can identify subtle physiological differences in adaptations to cardiac strain and twist mechanics between athletes and healthy controls. Differences in speckle tracking echocardiography-derived parameters can be identified using suitable sporting categorizations

Diastolic function alteration mechanisms in physiologic hypertrophy versus pathologic hypertrophy are elucidated by model-based Doppler E-wave analysis.

Athletic training can result in increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, termed physiologic hypertrophy (PhH). By contrast, pathologic hypertrophy (PaH) can be due to hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutation causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Because morphologic (LV dimension, wall thickness, mass, etc.) and functional index similarities (LV ejection fraction, cardiac output, peak filling rate, etc.) limit diagnostic specificity, ability to differentiate between PhH and PaH is important. Conventional echocardiographic diastolic function (DF) indexes have limited ability to differentiate between PhH and PaH and cannot provide information on chamber property (stiffness and relaxation). We hypothesized that kinematic model-based DF assessment can differentiate between PhH and PaH and, by providing chamber properties, has even greater value compared with conventional metrics. For validation, we assessed DF in the following three age-matched groups: pathologic (HCM) hypertrophy (PaH, n = 14), PhH (Olympic rowers, PhH, n = 21), and controls (n = 21). Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed presence of both types of hypertrophy and determined LV mass and chamber size. Model-based indexes, chamber stiffness (k), relaxation/viscoelasticity (c), and load (xo) and conventional indexes, Epeak (peak of E-wave), ratio of Epeak to Apeak (E/A), E-wave acceleration time (AT), and E-wave deceleration time (DT) were computed. We analyzed 1588 E waves distributed as follows: 328 (PaH), 672 (athletes), and 588 (controls). Among conventional indexes, Epeak and E-wave DT were similar between PaH and PhH, whereas E/A and E-wave AT were lower in PaH. Model-based analysis showed that PaH had significantly higher relaxation/viscoelasticity (c) and chamber stiffness (k) than PhH. The physiologic equation of motion for filling-based derivation of the model provides a mechanistic understanding of the differences between PhH and PaH

Déformation myocardique chez des footballeurs professionnels et comparaison à un groupe de sujets contrôlés et un groupe atteint de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique (une étude en 2D Strain)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF