The majority of Escherichia coli mRNAs undergo post-transcriptional modification in exponentially growing cells

Polyadenylation of RNAs by poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I) in Escherichia coli plays a significant role in mRNA decay and general RNA quality control. However, many important features of this system, including the prevalence of polyadenylated mRNAs in the bacterium, are still poorly understood. By comparing the transcriptomes of wild-type and pcnB deletion strains using macroarray analysis, we demonstrate that >90% of E.coli open reading frames (ORFs) transcribed during exponential growth undergo some degree of polyadenylation by PAP I, either as full-length transcripts or decay intermediates. Detailed analysis of over 240 transcripts suggests that Rho-independent transcription terminators serve as polyadenylation signals. Conversely, mRNAs terminated in a Rho-dependent fashion are probably not substrates for PAP I, but can be modified by the addition of long polynucleotide tails through the biosynthetic activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase). Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis indicates that the extent of polyadenylation of individual full-length transcripts such as lpp and ompA varies significantly in wild-type cells. The data presented here demonstrates that polyadenylation in E.coli occurs much more frequently than previously envisioned

Observing culture: Differences in U.S.-American and German team meeting behaviors

Although previous research has theorized about team interaction differences between the German and U.S. cultures (e.g., Hofstede, 2001), actual behavioral observations of such differences are sparse. This study explores team meetings as a context for examining intercultural differences, analyzing a total of 5188 meeting behaviors in German and U.S. student teams. All teams discussed the same task to consensus. Results from behavioral process analyses showed that Germans focused significantly more on problem analysis, whereas U.S. students focused more on solution production. Moreover, U.S. teams showed significantly more positive socioemotional meeting behavior than German teams. Finally, German teams showed significantly more counteractive behavior such as complaining than U.S. teams. Theoretical and pragmatic implications for understanding these observable differences and for improving interaction in intercultural teams are discussed

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Business Complaint Management Expectations

This paper is in closed access until 9th Dec 2016.Copyright © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. This study explores the complaint management expectations of 72 British and 74 German organizational buyers using automated online means-end laddering and a Hierarchical Value Map presentation. It conceptualizes the links between expected complaint resolution attributes by the buyer (i.e., means) and the buyer's value perceptions (i.e., ends). Unlike previous research, we highlight similarities and differences in the drivers behind and attributes of complaint management expectations across two countries (Germany and the United Kingdom). Even in countries appearing to be similar economically and culturally, we find differences in the desired attributes. British buyers, for example, emphasize softer complaint resolution attributes compared to Germans. Our study is the first to present a model of complaint management expectations incorporating the role of culture, and it provides managerial directions on standardization and adaption of complaint resolution attributes. Furthermore, it evaluates justice dimensions (especially interactional justice) and their impact on perceptions of complaint management

A contemporary witness of post-war modernism: the Vienna InterContinental

Die Diplomarbeit dokumentiert das im März 1964 eröffnete Hotel Vienna InterContinental am Wiener Heumarkt und den Beitrag Walter Jakschs (1912-1998) zu diesem Projekt. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Ausarbeitung des architektonischen und soziokulturellen Wertes dieses Gebäudekomplexes, der das Eislaufareal sowie das Gebäude des Hotels Vienna InterContinental - das als 23. Hotel der internationalen Kette InterContinental Hotels Group, einer Tochtergesellschaft der Pan American World Airways, errichtet wurde - umfasst. Geplant von den amerikanischen Architekten Holabird&Root und den österreichischen Partnern Carl Appel und Walter Jaksch, baute man einen neuen Hoteltypus. Mit einer Größenordnung von 500 Zimmern und dem amerikanischen Auftraggeber und Betreiber holte man einen noch nie dagewesen internationalen Standard nach Wien. Innovatives Raumprogramm, moderne Formensprache, elegante Ausstattung, internationaler Flair, neue Materialien, zahlreiche technische Innovationen und rationelle Konstruktionsmethoden werden beschrieben und in Kontext zu Wiener Hotelbauten dieser Zeit gesetzt. Durch den Vergleich soll der besondere Stellenwert dieses neuartigen Hoteltypus aufgezeigt werden. Ein weiterer Punkt widmet sich dem aktuellen Diskurs über die Gestaltung des Heumarkts. Grundlage für diese Diplomarbeit bilden der Nachlass von Walter Jaksch sowie historische Planbestände des Hotels Vienna InterContinental, die sich im Archiv des Architekturzentrums Wien befinden.This diploma thesis documents the "Vienna InterContinental" Hotel which opened in March 1964 at the "Heumarkt" and architect Walter Jaksch's (1912-1998) contribution to this building. The main focus relies on the architectural and socio-cultural aspects of the complex of buildings which includes the skating rink and the Vienna InterContinental Hotel - the 23th hotel of the "InterContinental Hotels Group", a subcompany of the Pan American World Airways. Designed by the American architects Holabird&Root and their Austrian partners Carl Appel and Walter Jaksch, a new type of hotel was built in Vienna. With it's 500 bedroom capacity and the American builder and operator, a new international standard came to Vienna. Its innovative space allocation plan, modern forms, elegant equipment, international luxury and standard, new materials, diversity of technical innovations and rational construction methods are described and compared to other Viennese hotels from this era. The contrast should inform about the unique value of this revolutionary type of hotel. Another focus is on the current discussion about the re-arrangement of Vienna's Heumarkt. The basis for this diploma thesis are the estate of Walter Jaksch and the historical drawings of the Hotel Vienna InterContinental found in the archive of Architekturzentrum Wien.22

Synthese von Blockcopolymeren mit polyisobutylen/Polyetherketon Segmenten

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache16