SAMPLES DISTINCTION BY PARAMETRIC AND NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS IN SPSS

Testing samples distinction is necessary in a wide range of practical tasks. Medicine, sociology, psychology, marketing - this is a short list of industries where it is required to conduct tests that establish effectiveness or inefficiency of a certain technology.Diversity of situations and techniques applied to sample distinction create a problem for compliance of testing procedures. The problem rises for tests including large and small samples (dependent or independent) with various distributions. The article proposes a list of problems created by testing differences between two samples. Limits of applicability of parametric and non-parametric tests are established based on selected distribution. Informative examples are included based on simulated data.SPSS software was used for sample distinction tests. It is important to double-check the operation of the machine computing procedure "manually” to understand the nature of tests and in educational purposes. The article provides mathematical illustration for the algorithms used, which can be considered as supplementary information for SPSS help.

Correlation between crystal purity and the charge density wave in 1T-VSe2

We examine the charge density wave (CDW) properties of 1T-VSe2 crystals grown by chemical vapor transport (CVT) under varying conditions. Specifically, we find that upon lowering the growth temperature (Tg < 630\u25e6C), there is a significant increase in both the CDW transition temperature and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) obtained from electrical transport measurements. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we correlate the observed CDW properties with stoichiometry and the nature of defects. In addition, we have optimized a method to grow ultrahigh-purity 1T-VSe2 crystals with a CDW transition temperature TCDW = (112.7 \ub1 0.8) K and maximum residual resistance ratio RRR 48 49, which is the highest reported thus far. This work highlights the sensitivity of the CDW in 1T-VSe2 to defects and overall stoichiometry and the importance of controlling the crystal growth conditions of strongly correlated transition metal dichalcogenides

Structural and electronic properties of anisotropic ultrathin organic films from dichroic resonant soft x-ray reflectivity

We developed a quantitative approach for the determination of molecular arrangement and electronic structure in anisotropic organic ultrathin films based on the measurement of polarized reflectivity at the carbon K-edge. The reflectivity spectra were fitted to a parameterized model calculation. The method was applied to a self-assembled monolayer of 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol on gold. To simulate reflectivity, the organic anisotropic film was described by a dielectric tensor, obtained by ab initio calculations for the single molecule and suitable rotations to describe the molecular organization in film domains. Film structure was obtained though the best fit of the simulation to the experiment. Results were consistent with a monolayer-thick film composed of domains of molecules with in-plane isotropic distribution of orientations. In each domain, molecules adopted a standing configuration, with a tilt of 28° relative to the substrate normal. Information on the modification of the molecular electronic states due to chemical bonding was derived

An incremental learning framework to enhance teaching by demonstration based on multimodal sensor fusion

Though a robot can reproduce the demonstration trajectory from a human demonstrator by teleoperation, there is a certain error between the reproduced trajectory and the desired trajectory. To minimize this error, we propose a multimodal incremental learning framework based on a teleoperation strategy that can enable the robot to reproduce the demonstration task accurately. The multimodal demonstration data are collected from two different kinds of sensors in the demonstration phase. Then, the Kalman filter (KF) and dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithms are used to preprocessing the data for the multiple sensor signals. The KF algorithm is mainly used to fuse sensor data of different modalities, and the DTW algorithm is used to align the data in the same timeline. The preprocessed demonstration data are further trained and learned by the incremental learning network and sent to a Baxter robot for reproducing the task demonstrated by the human. Comparative experiments have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework

An android based monitoring and alarm system forpatients with chronic obtrusive disease.

An android based monitoring and alarm system for patients with chronic obtrusive disease

Remote Monitoring and Automatic Fall Detection for Elderly People at Home

Aging population is a one of the key problems for the vast majority of so called "more economically developed countries" (MEDC). The amount of elderly people who suffer from multiple disease and require permanent monitoring of their vital parameters has increased recently resulting in extra healthcare costs. Modern healthcare systems exploited in geriatric medicine are often obtrusive and require patients presence at the hospital which interferes with their demand in independent life style. Recent developments on telecare market provide a wide range of wireless solutions for distant monitoring of medical parameters and health assistance. However, most of the devices are programmed for spot checking and operate independently from each other. There is still a lack of integrated framework with high interoperability and on-line continuous monitoring support for further correlation analyses. The current study is a step towards complete and continuous data collection system for elderly people with various types of health problems. Research initiative is motivated by recent demand in reliable multi-functional remote monitoring systems, combining different data sources. The main focus is made on fall detection methods, interoperability, real-life testing and correlation analyses. The list of main contributions contains (1) investigating communication functionalities, (2) developing algorithm for reliable fall detection, (3) multi-sensor fusion analyses and overview of the latest multi-sensor fusion approaches, (4) user study involving healthy volunteers and elderly people. Evaluation is performed through a series of computer simulation and real-life testing in collaboration with the local medical authorities. As a result we expect to obtain a monitoring system with reliable communication capabilities, inbuilt on-line processing, alarm generating techniques and complete functionality for integration with similar systems or smart-home environment.En åldrande befolkning utgör ett av de viktigaste problemen för de allra flesta så kallade "mer ekonomiskt utvecklade länder" (MEDC). Mängden äldre människor som lider av multi-sjukdomar och kräver ständig övervakning av vitala parametrar har ökat på senare tid, vilket resulterar i ökade sjukvårdskostnader. Geriatrikens moderna sjukvårdssystem kräver ofta att patienterna är närvarande på sjukhuset, vilket kraftigt begränsar en självständig och oberoende livsstil. Den senaste utvecklingen på telemedicinområdet erbjuder ett brett utbud av trådlösa lösningar inom hälsovård för distansövervakning av medicinska parametrar. De flesta lösningarna innebär punktkontroll av enskilda parametrar och arbetar oberoende av varandra. Det saknas fortfarande integrerade lösningar med hög interoperabilitet och kontinuerlig on-line övervakningsstöd för att kunna genomföra ytterligare korrelationsanalyser. Detta arbete utgör ett steg mot ett fullständigt och kontinuerligt datainsamlingssystem för äldre personer med olika typer av hälsoproblem. Forskningsinitiativet motiveras av senaste tidens efterfrågan på tillförlitliga multifunktionella system för distansövervakning, som kombinerar olika datakällor. Huvudfokus utgörs av falldetektionsmetoder, interoperabilitet, verkliga tester och korrelationsanalyser. Listan över de främsta bidragen innehåller (1) att undersöka kommunikationsfunktionaliteter, (2) utveckla en algoritm för tillförlitlig falldetektion, (3) multisensor-fusion-analyser och översikt över multisensor-fusion-strategier, (4) en användarstudie med friska frivilliga äldre. Utvärderingen sker genom en serie av datorsimuleringar och tester i verklig miljö i samarbete med lokala hälso- och sjukvårdsmyndigheter. Målet är ett övervakningssystem med tillförlitliga kommunikationsmöjligheter, inbyggd on-line-bearbetning, tekniker för larmgenerering och funktionalitet för integration med liknande system eller i en smart hemmiljö

Dynamic Bayesian Networks for Context-Aware Fall Risk Assessment

Fall incidents among the elderly often occur in the home and can cause serious injuries affecting their independent living. This paper presents an approach where data from wearable sensors integrated in a smart home environment is combined using a dynamic Bayesian network. The smart home environment provides contextual data, obtained from environmental sensors, and contributes to assessing a fall risk probability. The evaluation of the developed system is performed through simulation. Each time step is represented by a single user activity and interacts with a fall sensors located on a mobile device. A posterior probability is calculated for each recognized activity or contextual information. The output of the system provides a total risk assessment of falling given a response from the fall sensor

The influence of stellar wind bubbles on the ionizing radiation field in HII regions

Stellar wind around starbursts forms cavities filled by hot gas with low density, thermalized by inverse wind shock. Young starbursts can contain the compact cavities inside Hii region. Diffuse ionizing radiation, that arises in the cavity could considerably affect the medium ionization. Outside the stellar wind bubble a thin dense shell formed by the direct wind shock is located. This shell can appreciably transform the shape of the ionizing radiation spectrum in neighbouring region. We investigate this possibility, using the density and temperature distributions of density and temperature, and other physical parameters of bubble-like structures given by Weaver et al. (1977)