Last Night I Was Dreaming Of You

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An investigation into sexting of adolescents and adults

The overall aim of this thesis is to deepen the current understanding and knowledge of adolescent and adult sexting behaviour in relation to age, gender, risk, motives, and emotional attachments. In addition, this thesis will explore the legal ramifications that adolescents face for sending and receiving consensual sexts, and the educational implications of this thesis. The thesis begins with a systematic review of adolescent sexting behaviours and its associations with risk behaviour, antisocial and offending behaviour, and psychosocial factors. Results revealed multiple significant associations, but also inconsistencies in the associations. Contradictory findings, limitations of the review, recommendations for future research, and educational and legal implications are all discussed. An empirical study is conducted in Chapter Three with the aim of furthering knowledge and understanding into the motivations for sexting and the relationship context that sexting occurred within, as well as exploring these variables within gender and age. Overall, 61.1% of participants reported ever sending a sext and 69.3% of participants reported ever receiving a sext. Sending sexts for mutual pleasure, sending sexts to a partner, and receiving sexts from a partner were the most common findings across the majority of age groups and across both genders. Findings differed regarding Older Adults who it was found most commonly receive sexts from friends and acquaintances. Sexting’s function within modern romantic relationships and the risks regarding this is also discussed. Chapter Four presents the second empirical study with the aim of exploring sexting behaviours with online strangers in order to develop a better understanding of who is sending sexts to online strangers and why they are engaging in this behaviour. Over two fifths of individuals who had sent a sext at some point in their lifetime had sent a sext to an online stranger, and adolescent participants were the age group who were most likely to have sent a sext to an online stranger. This chapter goes on to discuss the risks of sexual exploitation from online strangers and the ways of mitigating the risk. The final empirical study is presented in Chapter Five and aims to explore the relationship between different sexting behaviours (sending nude sexually explicit images of oneself, sending non-nude sexually explicit images of oneself, and sending sexually explicit text messages) and adult romantic attachment styles. The results indicate that individuals who sent sexts were more likely to have an ambivalent attachment style. Sexting’s role in relationships is discussed, and future research avenues are highlighted. Finally, a critique of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Short Form Questionnaire, which is the questionnaire used in Chapter Five to measure attachment, is conducted in Chapter Six. This questionnaire is compared to its sister questionnaires, the Experiences in Close Relationships and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. The psychometric properties and clinical utility of all three measures are examined

Office of university affairs management information system: Users guide and documentation

Data on the NASA-University relationship are reported that encompass research in over 600 schools through several thousand grants and contracts. This user-driven system is capable of producing a variety of cyclical and query-type reports describing the total NASA-University profile. The capabilities, designed as part of the system, require a minimum of user maintenance in order to ensure system efficiency and data validity to meet the recurrent Statutory and Executive Branch information requirements as well as ad hoc inquiries from NASA general management, Congress, other Federal agencies, private sector organizations, universities and individuals. The data base contains information on each university, the individual projects and the financial details, current and historic, on all contracts and grants. Complete details are given on the system from its unique design features to the actual steps required for daily operation

Evolution in Space and Time: The Second Synthesis between Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and the Philosophy of Biology

Es un hecho sorprendente que para la mayor parte de la biología evolutiva, rara vez hemos estudiado cómo se desarrolla típicamente la evolución en la naturaleza, en ambientes ecológicos cambiantes, en el espacio y el tiempo. Si bien la ecología desempeñó un papel importante en la eventual aceptación del punto de vista de la evolución genética de poblaciones en la síntesis moderna (alrededor de 1918-1950), desempeñó un papel menor en el desarrollo de la teoría evolutiva hasta la década de 1980, cuando comenzamos a estudiar sistemáticamente la teoría de la evolución. dinámica evolutiva de las poblaciones naturales en el espacio y el tiempo. Como resultado, la teoría evolutiva se construyó inicialmente en un vacío abstracto que no era representativo de la evolución en la naturaleza. Desde entonces, la biología evolutiva ha sufrido un cambio profundo en el pensamiento sobre la evolución impulsado por su reciente síntesis con la ecología. El conocimiento ecológico ha revelado cómo la selección natural varía en fuerza, dirección, forma y, más sorprendentemente, el nivel de organización biológica, todo dependiendo de las condiciones ecológicas. El novedoso concepto de capacidad de evolución juega un papel organizador a lo largo de esta tesis, ya que su reciente ascenso a la popularidad proporciona algunas de las mejores pruebas de cómo los biólogos han descuidado persistentemente la evolución en el espacio y el tiempo. La capacidad de evolución, como una adaptación emergente de las poblaciones cuya manifestación es impulsada por cambios ecológicos, finalmente se reveló dentro de una biología evolutiva que abarcaba la evolución en el espacio y el tiempo. Cómo un proceso tan central como la capacidad de evolución puede pasar relativamente desapercibido en la teoría hasta tiempos recientes destaca las áreas de la biología que justifican un progreso urgente, así como la ciencia en general. En esta tesis, ofrezco una reconstrucción histórica de las fuerzas filosóficas, tecnológicas y naturales que condujeron a la Segunda Síntesis de la biología, con la esperanza de reconocer los avances significativos que han alcanzado a la biología en la última generación. Luego ofrezco mis recomendaciones normativas, prescribiendo una teoría pluralista de la selección natural que puede explicar fenómenos emergentes complejos (como la capacidad de evolución) para finalmente resolver la paradoja de la variación adaptativa. Lo hago construyendo un puente entre la gran biología y la historia/filosofía de la biología, enfocando los principales logros de los historiadores y filósofos durante la última generación y cómo estos avances pueden modernizar el pensamiento biológico.It is a surprising fact that for the majority of evolutionary biology, we have rarely studied how evolution typically unfolds in nature, in changing ecological environments, over space and time. While ecology played a major role in the eventual acceptance of the population genetic viewpoint of evolution in the Modern Synthesis (circa 1918-1950), it held a lesser role in the development of evolutionary theory until the 1980s, when we began to systematically study the evolutionary dynamics of natural populations in space and time. As a result, evolutionary theory was initially constructed in an abstract vacuum that was unrepresentative of evolution in nature.Evolutionary biology has since undergone a profound shift in thinking about evolution spurred by its recent synthesis with ecology. Ecological insight has revealed how natural selection varies in strength, direction, form, and more surprisingly level of biological organization, all dependent on ecological conditions. The novel concept of evolvability plays an organizing role throughout this thesis, since its recent rise to popularity provides some of the best evidence of how biologists have persistently neglected evolution in space and time. Evolvability, as an emergent adaptation of populations whose manifestation is prompted by ecological changes, thus finally became revealed within an evolutionary biology that embraced evolution in space and time. How such a central process as evolvability can go relatively unnoticed in theory until recent times thus highlights the areas of biology that warrant urgent progress, as well as science more generally. In this thesis, I offer an historical reconstruction of the philosophical, technological, and natural forces that led to the Second Synthesis of biology, in hopes of recognizing the significant advancements that have overtaken biology in the past generation. I then offer my normative recommendations, prescribing a pluralistic theory of natural selection that can explain complex emergent phenomena (like evolvability) to finally resolve the paradox of adaptive variation. I do so by building a bridge between greater biology and the history/philosophy of biology, bringing into focus the primary achievements made by historians and philosophers over the past generation and how these advancements can modernize biological thought

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Everyone Is A Teacher Here Terhadap Hasil Belajar

The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes of the fifth grade students of SD Negeri 3 Langkapura. The purpose of this study is the to find out the effect on the application of active learning strategies type everyone is a teacher here on the learning outcomes of students of SD Negeri 3 Langkapura. This type of research is a quasi experimental design with non equivalent control group design. The population in this study was all fifth grade students of SD Negeri 3 Langkapura. The sample in this study was students of the VA class as the control class and the VB class as the experimental class. The sampling technique used in this study is a non probability sampling technique. Data was collected using test techniques, observation techniques and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses a simple linear regression formula. The results of the study can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of the type of cooperative learning strategies everyone is a teacher here on the thematic learning outcomes of fifth grade students of SD Negeri 3 Langkapura in the academic year 2018/2019.Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 3 Langkapura. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan desain non equivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 3 Langkapura. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VA sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas VB sebagai kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik non probability sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik tes, teknik observasi dan teknik dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan rumus regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe everyone is a teacher here terhadap hasil belajar tematik peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 3 Langkapura tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.Kata kunci: everyone is a teacher here, hasil belajar, model pembelajara

Internal History versus External History

The aim of this paper is to generalize a pair of concepts that are widely used in the history of science, in art history and in historical linguistics – the concept of internal and external history – and to replace the often very vague talk of ‘historical narratives’ with this conceptual framework of internal versus external history. I argue that this way of framing the problem allows us to see the possible alternatives more clearly – as a limited number of possible relations between internal and external history. Finally, I argue that while external history is metaphysically prior to internal history, when it comes to historical explanations, we need both

From holism to compositionality: memes and the evolution of segmentation, syntax, and signification in music and language

Steven Mithen argues that language evolved from an antecedent he terms “Hmmmmm, [meaning it was] Holistic, manipulative, multi-modal, musical and mimetic”. Owing to certain innate and learned factors, a capacity for segmentation and cross-stream mapping in early Homo sapiens broke the continuous line of Hmmmmm, creating discrete replicated units which, with the initial support of Hmmmmm, eventually became the semantically freighted words of modern language. That which remained after what was a bifurcation of Hmmmmm arguably survived as music, existing as a sound stream segmented into discrete units, although one without the explicit and relatively fixed semantic content of language. All three types of utterance – the parent Hmmmmm, language, and music – are amenable to a memetic interpretation which applies Universal Darwinism to what are understood as language and musical memes. On the basis of Peter Carruthers’ distinction between ‘cognitivism’ and ‘communicativism’ in language, and William Calvin’s theories of cortical information encoding, a framework is hypothesized for the semantic and syntactic associations between, on the one hand, the sonic patterns of language memes (‘lexemes’) and of musical memes (‘musemes’) and, on the other hand, ‘mentalese’ conceptual structures, in Chomsky’s ‘Logical Form’ (LF)

Assessment of a spodumene ore by advanced analytical and mass spectrometry techniques to determine its amenability to processing for the extraction of lithium

A combination of analytical microscopy and mass spectrometry techniques have been used to detect and characterise different lithium minerals in a LCT-Complex spodumene-type pegmatite from Pilgangoora located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Information collated by these techniques can be used to predict processing amenability. Samples were categorised into three subsamples (Pil1, Pil2, Pil3) based on colour and texture having different lithologies. The mineralogy and liberation characteristics of samples were characterised using automated mineralogy techniques and the Li content and elemental distribution within minerals defined using instrumentation with secondary mass spectrometry capabilities. The majority of lithium is associated with spodumene particles with minor amounts of lithium bearing micas and beryl in the Pil1 sample, whereas in Pil2 and Pil3 spodumene is largely the lithium source. In the Pil1 sample a proportion of spodumene particles have undergone alteration with spodumene being replaced by micaceous minerals of muscovite, lepidolite and trilithionite, as well as calcite. In Pil2 and Pil3 samples the spodumene particles are generally free of mineral impurities except minor intergrowths of quartz, feldspar and spodumene are evident in the coarser fractions. Based on mineralogical observations in the current study, the majority of the main gangue minerals quartz, K feldspar and albite can be rejected at a coarse grind size of −4 mm, to recover 90% of the spodumene with Li upgrade from 0.99–1.5 wt% Li to 3.0–3.5 wt% (6.5–7.5 wt% Li 2 O). The iron content (81–1475 ppm) in the spodumene is low and therefore make these spodumene concentrates suitable for use in ceramic and glass applications. Recovery of spodumene in the coarse fractions could be improved by further particle size reduction to liberate spodumene from micas and feldspars in the middling class, which account for between 15 and 49% of the sample. However, the requirement to remove mineral impurities in the spodumene in downstream processing will be dependent on the method of processing as the presence of Li bearing micas, calcite and feldspar can be beneficial or detrimental to lithium recovery. The high content of Rb (1 wt%) and the abundance of free grains makes K feldspar a source of rubidium, particularly in the Pil3 sample which has K feldspar in high abundance (21 wt%) and can potentially be recovered by reverse flotation technique. The low concentrations of the Ta, Nb and Sn minerals identified in samples were found to be fairly well liberated and could be recovered by conventional gravity separation techniques

Why Did Memetics Fail? Comparative Case Study

Although the theory of memetics appeared highly promising at the beginning, it is no longer considered a scientific theory among contemporary evolutionary scholars. This study aims to compare the genealogy of memetics with the historically more successful gene-culture coevolution theory. This comparison is made in order to determine the constraints that emerged during the internal development of the memetics theory that could bias memeticists to work on the ontology of meme units as opposed to hypotheses testing, which was adopted by the gene-culture scholars. I trace this problem back to the diachronic development of memetics to its origin in the gene-centered anti-group-selectionist argument of George C. Williams and Richard Dawkins. The strict adoption of this argument predisposed memeticists with the a priori idea that there is no evolution without discrete units of selection, which in turn, made them dependent on the principal separation of biological and memetic fitness. This separation thus prevented memeticists from accepting an adaptationist view of culture which, on the contrary, allowed gene-culture theorists to attract more scientists to test the hypotheses, creating the historical success of the gene-culture coevolution theory