Hospitalizations for malignant breast neoplasia in brazilian regions from 2014 to 2018 / Internações por neoplasia maligna da mama nas regiões brasileiras no período de 2014 a 2018

Objetivo: analisar os casos de internação por neoplasia maligna da mama nas regiões brasileiras de 2014 a 2018. Método:  estudo descritivo e quantitativo, realizado através dos dados referentes aos internamentos por neoplasia maligna da mama nas cinco regiões brasileiras disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde entre os anos de 2014 a 2018. Resultados: foram notificados 305.086 internamentos por câncer de mama no período de 2014 a 2018. Em 2017 ocorreram o maior número de internações com 65.029 (21,3%) casos, a região Sudeste ocupou o primeiro lugar com 51,1% dos internamentos, houve predominância do sexo feminino (98,9%), cor branca (45,8%) e na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos (51,3%). Conclusão: os dados encontrados mostram que a conscientização dos profissionais e da população sobre a importância da prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer de mama é um fator essencial para a mudança do panorama no país

Relationship among dietary intake of vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and glycemic control markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Aims: To investigate the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, vitamin D intake, magnesium, and calcium with glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 107 adult with T2DM, residing in the state of Sergipe/Brazil (latitude: 10°), were evaluated for serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, fasting glucose, %HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol and fractions, homeostasis of beta-cell function (HOMA-B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and resistance (HOMA-IR), anthropometry, body composition, and usual food intake. The results were analyzed according to 25(OH)D status (insufficient/deficient <30 ng/mL; adequate ≥30 ng/mL). Mann–Whitney, chi-square, and binary logistic regression tests were performed. P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The median age and time to T2DM diagnosis were 49 and 5 years, respectively. High inadequacy was observed in the dietary intake of vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium. Higher HOMA-B values were observed in the vitamin D adequate group (p = 0.032) and higher fasting serum glucose concentrations (p = 0.012) and %body fat (p = 0.048) in the insufficient/deficient group, which had a higher chance of elevated serum glucose (odds ratio [OR]:2.937; p = 0.020) and HOMA-IR (OR:2.496; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor glycemic control and insulin resistance, and these aspects are unrelated to inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Guidance on mucositis assessment from the MASCC Mucositis Study Group and ISOO: an international Delphi studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment. Methods: This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022–July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022–May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023–May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents. Findings: Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus). Interpretation: These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. Funding: No funding was received