Sensibilidade e especificidade dos métodos para rastreamento das lesões cérvico uterinas: Uma revisão sistemática / Sensitivity and specificity of methods for screening uterine cervical lesions: A systematic review

Esse trabalho buscou comparar a sensibilidade e especificidade de métodos de rastreamento para HPV em mulheres, através de uma revisão sistemática e retrospectiva.   Durante a busca de artigos em diversas bases de dados, 165 estudos foram encontrados, com idiomas nacionais e internacionais, porém após a análise somente 51 foram selecionados para a pesquisa, todos no período de 2012 a 2018. A citologia e VILI foram as duas técnicas que obtiveram estudos demonstrando 100% de sensibilidade para NIC1/NIC2/NIC 3. JÁ a IVA e PCR obtiveram estudos que demonstram ser 100% específicos para as 3 lesões conjuntas. Para NIC 2/NIC 3 a CH2 foi a que obteve melhor sensibilidade (96,10%). Já em relação à especificidade a citologia demonstrou melhor resultado (97,70%). Para NIC 1 a IVA foi mais sensível (90,40%), e a citologia mais específica (98,50%). Para NIC 2 a colposcopia e a CH2 foram mais sensíveis (100%) enquanto que a IVA e a VILI foram mais específicas (99,90%). Para NIC 3 a IVA foi mais sensível (100%), já a citologia é mais específica (100%). Portanto, através desta revisão verificamos a possibilidade de associação de alguns exames de rastreio do câncer cervical, para  melhorar o diagnóstico das lesões pré-malignas do colo uterino

Controle de qualidade no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas na Fase Analítica: A Segurança dos Resultados / Quality control in the Laboratory of Clinical Analyzes in the Analytical Phase: The Security of Results

Introdução: O controle de qualidade no laboratório de análises clínicas é importante para reconhecer e minimizar os erros analíticos, avaliar o desempenho do mesmo e obter resultados confiáveis e seguros. Objetivo: realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a importância da implantação do controle de qualidade no laboratório clínico com ênfase na fase analítica, explicitando a finalidade de garantir a segurança dos resultados Método: Busca nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed e Science Direct, nos idioma português e inglês e estudos dos últimos dez anos. Resultados: o resultado preliminar da busca foi de 182 artigos. Após isso realizou-se uma triagem para a escolhê-los, utilizando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, estudos realizados de 2008 a 2017, selecionando 13 elegíveis para análise. Os presentes estudos demonstraram a importância de implantar um sistema de controle de qualidade, os requisitos para se montar e adquirir, por meio de normas, programas de acreditação, planejamento, treinamentos pessoais e técnicos, de modo a preparar o laboratório a recebê-lo, demonstrando dessa forma a garantia de segurança dos exames. Considerações finais: É notório que os estudos demonstram a necessidade e importância da implementação de um sistema de controle de qualidade, visando melhorar os processos na fase analítica, por ser um processo delicado deve ser executado com os parâmetros, para implantá-lo com sucesso

Fatal Brazilian spotted fever in a healthy military man during field training in Rio de Janeiro city, southeastern Brazil

Brazilian spotted fever, a zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks, is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. We report a fulminant case of this zoonosis in a healthy 46-year-old military man in the urban region of Rio de Janeiro city, in October, 2021. Ticks and capybaras (Amblyomma sculptum, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, respectively) were identified in the military fields, pointing to the participation of this large synanthropic rodent, recognized as an efficient amplifier host of Rickettsia rickettsii in Brazil. As the military population is considered a risk group for spotted fever, it is necessary to alert health professionals to the importance of the early detection of the disease and its adequate management, mainly in populations that are particularly at risk of exposure to ticks, in order to avoid fatal outcomes

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe