Navigare necesse est. lex fundamentalis semper reformanda

The year 2017 saw the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of Lithuania and the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This article presents the common constitutional heritage of these two countries primary as commonwealth est. in 1385 year and next as Polish–Lithuanian Union from 1569 to the end of the 18th century when we lost our independence. It sets out the main assumptions of the theory of the norms of basic law. The author also sums up the importance of legal culture and the social acceptance of the legal order set by a constitution as a fundament of democratic states. The author presents his reflections using metaphors from nautical terminology

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION: NAVIGARE NECESSE EST. LEX FUNDAMENTALIS SEMPER REFORMANDA

The year 2017 saw the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of Lithuania and the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This article presents the common constitutional heritage of these two countries primary as commonwealth est. in 1385 year and next as Polish–Lithuanian Union from 1569 to the end of the 18th century when we lost our independence. It sets out the main assumptions of the theory of the norms of basic law. The author also sums up the importance of legal culture and the social acceptance of the legal order set by a constitution as a fundament of democratic states. The author presents his reflections using metaphors from nautical terminology

The Production and Application of Hydrogels for Wound Management: A Review

Wound treatment has increased in importance in the wound care sector due to the pervasiveness of chronic wounds in the high-risk population including, but not limited to, geriatric population, immunocompromised and obese patients. Furthermore, the number of people diagnosed with diabetes is rapidly growing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global diabetic occurrence has increased from 4.7 in 1980 to 8.5 in 2014. As diabetes becomes a common medical condition, it has also become one of the major causes of chronic wounds which require specialised care to address patients’ unique needs. Wound dressings play a vital role in the wound healing process as they protect the wound site from the external environment. They are also capable of interacting with the wound bed in order to facilitate and accelerate the healing process. Advanced dressings such as hydrogels are designed to maintain a moist environment at the site of application and due to high water content are ideal candidates for wound management. Hydrogels can be used for both exudating or dry necrotic wounds. Additionally, hydrogels also demonstrate other unique features such as softness, malleability and biocompatibility. Nowadays, advanced wound care products make up around 7.1 billion of the global market and their production is growing at an annual rate of 8.3 with the market projected to be worth 12.5 billion by 2022. The presented review focuses on novel hydrogel wound dressings, their main characteristics and their wound management applications. It also describes recent methodologies used for their production and the future potential developments

THE COMMISSIONER FOR CIVIL RIGHTS PROTECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND: 20 FROM 200 YEARS OF THE OMBUDSMAN’S EXISTENCE IN THE WORLD

 Summary: 1. The roots of the Ombudsman’s office; 2. The institution of the Ombudsman in Poland; 3. The commissioner for civil rights protection as an independent organ of a State; 4. The commissioner as an organ of control of the law; 5. Principles of functioning of the commissioner; 6. The new challenges for the commissioner. Conclusion.Key words: Human Rights Protection. Ombudsman. Commissioner.