Observation of narrow baryon resonance decaying into pKs0pK^0_s in pA-interactions at 70GeV/c70 GeV/c with SVD-2 setup

SVD-2 experiment data have been analyzed to search for an exotic baryon state, the $\Theta^+$-baryon, in a $pK^0_s$ decay mode at $70 GeV/c$ on IHEP accelerator. The reaction $pA \to pK^0_s+X$ with a limited multiplicity was used in the analysis. The $pK^0_s$ invariant mass spectrum shows a resonant structure with $M=1526\pm3(stat.)\pm 3(syst.) MeV/c^2$ and $\Gamma < 24 MeV/c^2$. The statistical significance of this peak was estimated to be of $5.6 \sigma$. The mass and width of the resonance is compatible with the recently reported $\Theta^+$- baryon with positive strangeness which was predicted as an exotic pentaquark ($uudd\bar{s}$) baryon state. The total cross section for $\Theta^+$ production in pN-interactions for $X_F\ge 0$ was estimated to be $(30\div120) \mu b$ and no essential deviation from A-dependence for inelastic events $(\sim A^{0.7})$ was found.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, To be submitted to Yadernaya Fizika. v3-v5 - Some references added, minor typos correcte

Properties of Neutral Charmed Mesons in Proton--Nucleus Interactions at 70 GeV

The results of treatment of data obtained in the SERP-E-184experiment "Investigation of mechanisms of the production of charmed particles in proton-nucleus interactions at 70 GeV and their decays" by irradiating the active target of the SVD-2 facility consisting of carbon, silicon, and lead plates, are presented. After separating a signal from the two-particle decay of neutral charmed mesons and estimating the cross section for charm production at a threshold energy {\sigma}(c\v{c})=7.1 \pm 2.4(stat.) \pm 1.4(syst.) \mub/nucleon, some properties of D mesons are investigated. These include the dependence of the cross section on the target mass number (its A dependence); the behavior of the differential cross sections d{\sigma}/dpt2 and d{\sigma}/dxF; and the dependence of the parameter {\alpha} on the kinematical variables xF, pt2, and plab. The experimental results in question are compared with predictions obtained on the basis of the FRITIOF7.02 code.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures,3 table

Entanglement Islands and Infrared Anomalies in Schwarzschild Black Hole

In this paper, island formation for entangling regions of finite size in the asymptotically flat eternal Schwarzschild black hole is considered. We check the complementarity property of entanglement entropy which was implicitly assumed in previous studies for semi-infinite regions. This check reveals the emergence of infrared anomalies after regularization of a Cauchy surface. A naive infrared regularization based on ``mirror symmetry'' is considered and its failure is shown. We introduce an improved regularization that gives a correct limit agreed with the semi-infinite results from previous studies. As the time evolution goes, the endpoints of a finite region compatible with the improved regularization become separated by a timelike interval. We call this phenomenon the ``Cauchy surface breaking''. Shortly before the Cauchy surface breaking, finite size configurations generate asymmetric entanglement islands in contrast to the semi-infinite case. Depending on the size of the finite regions, qualitatively new behaviour arises, such as discontinuous evolution of the entanglement entropy and the absence of island formation. Finally, we show that the island prescription does not help us to solve the information paradox for certain finite size regions.Comment: v1: 55 pages, 19 figures; v2: 57 pages, 19 figures, references added, Sec. 5 presentation improve

The role of sunflower crops in maintaining the biodiversity of hymenopterous insects in agrocenoses of Krasnodar Territory

Aim. To study the species composition and abundance of anthophilic Hymenopteran insects in the sunflower agrocenosis and the role of its flowers in maintaining biodiversity in the agrocenoses of the Krasnodar Territory. Material and Methods. The studies were conducted during the sunflower growing season in the Krasnodar Territory from 2017 to 2022 in the Kanevsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Krylovsky, Labinsky, Ust‐Labinsky, Tbilisi and Temryuk districts.Results. In sunflower agrocenoses, 53 species of stinging hymenopteran insects from 10 families are found. For each research area, there is an individual insect fauna, which is characteristic of the agrocenosis and actively visits sunflower flowers. The fauna of each district includes mass species, common and rare, most of which are not interested in sunflower flowers, using other resources. The main visitors of sunflower inflorescences are bumblebees, which in a range of circumstances may visit flowers. Most wasp species are casual visitors to sunflower flowers.Conclusion. Most widely represented in the sunflower agrocenosis are insects of the families Halictidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae, Apidae. In each research area, there are individual situations when common insect species either visit sunflower flowers or completely ignore them. Combining information on all areas, we observe that in the case of certain local conditions, almost all representatives of the fauna can feed on sunflowers, but it is not the principal resources, only complementing the wild flora

Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19: Clinical and Morphological Parallels

Aim. We aimed to study the histological and thrombotic changes in lung vessels in patients who died with COVID-19, to access the correlation between anticoagulation therapy (ACT) and thrombotic events (TE), treatment results, clinical and laboratory patients' characteristics.Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed treatment results of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and lung vessel samples of the deceased patients. Dynamic changes and highest levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were studied in its correlation with the disease severity according to SOFA score, computer tomographic (CT) results, lung, renal and hepatic dysfunction. The association between different doses of ACT and treatment results, laboratory indicators and thrombotic events was accessed. The histological lung vessels examination was performed using Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB)staining.Results. 313 patients were included in the study (61 patients died). The median age of hospitalized patients was 60 years (IQR 51-66 years). The frequency of the intravitallyconfirmed TE was 4,8%. The strong statistical association was revealed between D-dimer level and 3-4 points SOFA score, patients' mortality, oxygen support requirement, CT3-CT4 pneumonia, glomerular filtration rate and TE. There was no mortality in patients with D-dimer normal references, but in cases with three times elevation reached 13%, 48,5% - in cases with 3-6 times elevation and 64,6% - in cases with more than 6 times elevation. The strong statistical association was registered between fibrinogen and SOFA score, CT 3-4 pneumonia, patients' mortality. D-dimer and fibrinogen levels demonstrated weak correlation. There was no statistical correlation between prophylactic, intermediate and therapeutic ACT and D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, CT results, patients' mortality. MSBstaining was used in 36 deceased patients tissue samples. 1394 lung vessels were analyzed. Lung vessels thrombi persisted in samples of all 36 patients (100%). Vessels with the diameter 3,5-30 mm were thrombosed in 7%, with the diameter 0,034-0,84 mm - in 48%, with the diameter 0,85-3,4 mm - in 45%. The frequency of thrombi persisted 06 hours, 6-12 hours, 12-18hours, 18-24 hours and more than 24 hours was12%, 14%, 62%, 5% and 7% respectively.Conclusion. Thrombi of different ages from fresh to organized were observed in one third of lung vessels in all deceased patients. Lung vessels thrombosis plays an important role in pathogenesis and thanatogenesis of COVID-19. The D-dimer level correlates with lung, renal dysfunction, patients' mortality and doesn't show any correlation with ACT and can be accepted as a criterion of lung vessel thrombotic progression

Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015.For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassification.Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3·3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-3·4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2·6 million per year (range 2·5-2·8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38·8 million (95% UI 37·6-40·4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1·8 million deaths (95% UI 1·7-1·9 million) in 2005, to 1·2 million deaths (1·1-1·3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections.Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued efforts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and National Institute of Mental Health and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health