249 research outputs found
Human Ecology, Process Philosophy and the Global Ecological Crisis
This paper argues that human ecology, based on process philosophy and challenging scientific materialism, is required to effectively confront the global ecological crisis now facing us
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Optimization of the thermal environment of a small-scale data center in China
In data centers, a large number of IT sever racks with different heat dissipation rates are arranged in multiple rows, leading to much higher per-unit heat release and therefore more uneven temperature distribution than in general buildings. This paper chooses a small-scale data center located in China to analyze the thermal environment for the operation of these critical equipments. The wind speed and temperature in the data center were measured, and a corresponding computer room model was established via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software. Based on it, the characteristics of flow field and temperature field of the data center were analyzed. The optimization methods for problem of uneven temperature distribution and chaotic air supply in the data center were proposed and verified by evaluation index. Furthermore, the return temperature index(RHI) increased from 0.918 to 0.93, the return heat index(RTI) reduced from 0.222 to 0.342
High power and stable P-doped yolk-shell structured Si@C anode simultaneously enhancing conductivity and Li+ diffusion kinetics
Silicon is a low price and high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The yolk-shell structure can effectively accommodate Si expansion to improve stability. However, the limited rate performance of Si anodes canāt meet peopleās growing demand for high power density. Herein, the phosphorus-doped yolk-shell Si@C materials (P-doped Si@C) were prepared through carbon coating on P-doped Si/SiOx matrix to obtain high power and stable devices. Therefore, the as-prepared P-doped Si@C electrodes delivered a rapid increase in Coulombic efficiency from 74.4% to 99.6% after only 6 cycles, high capacity retention of ā¼ 95% over 800 cycles at 4 AĀ·gā1, and great rate capability (510 mAhĀ·gā1 at 35 AĀ·gā1). As a result, P-doped Si@C anodes paired with commercial activated carbon and LiFePO4 cathode to assemble lithium-ion capacitor (high power density of ā¼ 61,080 WĀ·kgā1 at 20 AĀ·gā1) and lithium-ion full cell (good rate performance with 68.3 mAhĀ·gā1 at 5 C), respectively. This work can provide an effective way to further improve power density and stability for energy storage devices
Design, Fabrication, and Application of Colorless Polyimide Film for Transparent and Flexible Electronics
Driven by the emerging development of transparent and flexible electronics, colorless polyimide (CPI) has been attracting much attention in recent years. As a key component for next generation electronics, CPI film will be well focused both on research and commercialization. In this chapter, we would like to provide a review and outlook to the field for the reference of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs. Topics being addressed are formulation/design, synthesis of the resin, fabrication, and characterization of the CPI films, as well as trends of the film application for the next generation of electronics. Attention will also be given to the current stage of manufacturing of CPI monomers and resin, industrial production of CPI films, etc
Enhancement of botrallin and TMC-264 production in liquid culture of endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 after treatments with metal ions
Background: Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12, an endophytic fungus from
a poplar hybrid, was a high producer of botrallin and TMC-264 with
various bioactivities. In this study, the influences of eight metal
ions (i.e., Mn2+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Al3+) on
botrallin and TMC-264 production in liquid culture of the endophytic
fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 were investigated. Results:
Three most effective metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+) along with their
optimum concentrations were screened. The optimum addition time and
concentrations of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+ were further obtained
respectively for improving botrallin and TMC-264 production. The
combination effects of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+ on the production of
botrallin and TMC-264 by employing statistical method based on the
central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM)
were evaluated, and two quadratic predictive models were developed for
botrallin and TMC-264 production. The yields of botrallin and TMC-264,
which were predicted as 144.12 mg/L and 36.04 mg/L respectively, were
validated to be 146.51 mg/L and 36.63 mg/L accordingly with the optimum
concentrations of Zn2+ at 0.81 mmol/L, Cu2+ at 0.20 mmol/L, and Mg2+ at
0.13 mmol/L in medium. Conclusion: The results indicated that the
enhancement of botrallin and TMC-264 accumulation in liquid culture of
the endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 by the metal ions
and their combination should be an effective strategy
Dietary Betaine Mitigates Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation Induced by a High-Fat-Diet by Modulating the Sirt1/Srebp-1/PparÉ Pathway in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)
The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of dietary betaine, as a lipid-lowering substance, on the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) fed a high fat diet. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in black seabream with an initial weight of 8.39 Ā± 0.01g fed four isonitrogenous diets including Control, medium-fat diet (11%); HFD, high-fat diet (17%); and HFD supplemented with two levels (10 and 20 g/kg) of betaine, HFD+B1 and HFD+B2, respectively. SGR and FE in fish fed HFD+B2 were significantly higher than in fish fed HFD. Liver histology revealed that vacuolar fat droplets were smaller and fewer in bream fed HFD supplemented with betaine compared to fish fed HFD. Betaine promoted the mRNA and protein expression levels of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), up-regulated mRNA expression and protein content of lipid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparĪ±), and down-regulated mRNA expression and protein content of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1(srebp-1). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver and intestine were up-regulated, while nuclear factor kB (nf-kb) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated by dietary betaine supplementation. Likewise, in fish that received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate inflammatory responses, the expression levels of mRNAs of anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver, intestine and kidney were up-regulated in fish fed HFD supplemented with betaine compared with fish fed HFD, while nf-kb and pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated. This is the first report to suggest that dietary betaine could be an effective feed additive to alleviate hepatic steatosis and attenuate inflammatory responses in black seabream fed a high fat diet by modulating the Sirt1/Srebp-1/PparÉ pathway
Dietary fenofibrate attenuated high-fat-diet-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation response partly through regulation of pparĪ± and sirt1 in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)
An 8-week feeding trail was conducted in Acanthopagrus schlegelii with an initial body weight of 8.34Ā±0.01g. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated, (1) Control: medium-fat diet (12%); (2) HFD: high-fat diet (18%); (3) HFD+FF: high-fat diet with fenofibrate (0.15%). Liver histological analysis revealed that, compared to HFD, vacuolar fat drops were smaller and fewer in fish fed fenofibrate. Expression of lipid catabolism regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparĪ±) was up-regulated by fenofibrate compared with HFD. In addition, fenofibrate significantly increased the expression level of silent information regulator 1 (sirt1). Meanwhil e, the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (il-10) in intestine was up-regulated, while pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1Ī² (il-1Ī²) in liver and intestine were down-regulated by dietary fenofibrate supplementation. Overall, the present study indicated that fenofibrate reduced fat deposition and attenuated inflammation response caused by HFD partly through a pathway involving regulation of pparĪ± and sirt1
2D Black Phosphorus: from Preparation to Applications for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Black phosphorus (BP) is rediscovered as a 2D layered material. Since its first isolation in 2014, 2D BP has triggered tremendous interest in the fields of condensed matter physics, chemistry, and materials science. Given its unique puckered monolayer geometry, 2D BP displays many unprecedented properties and is being explored for use in numerous applications. The flexibility, large surface area, and good electric conductivity of 2D BP make it a promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). Here, the experimental and theoretical progress of 2D BP is presented on the basis of its preparation methods. The structural and physiochemical properties, air instability, passivation, and EESD applications of 2D BP are discussed systemically. Specifically, the latest research findings on utilizing 2D BP in EESDs, such as lithiumāion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging technologies (lithiumāsulfur batteries, magnesiumāion batteries, and sodiumāion batteries), are summarized. On the basis of the current progress, a few personal perspectives on the existing challenges and future research directions in this developing field are provided
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