Resources for sports engineering education

This paper serves as a resource guide for Sports Engineering educators. The paper covers key topics in Sports Engineering, including ball impact, friction, safety and materials. A variety of resource types are presented to reflect modern methods of learning and searching for information, including textbooks, research and review papers, websites and videos. The field could benefit from more resources specifically designated for teaching Sports Engineering, particularly textbooks

UV laser ablation of parylene films from gold substrates

Parylene films, coating gold substrates, were removed by laser ablation using 248 nm light from an excimer laser. Each sample was processed by a different number of pulses in one of three different environments: air at atmospheric pressure, nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, and vacuum. The laser-induced craters were analyzed by optical microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Multi-pulse ablation thresholds of gold and parylene were estimated

X-ray diffraction of permalloy nanoparticles fabricated by laser ablation in water

Permalloy (NiFeMo) nanoparticles were fabricated by laser ablation of bulk material in water with a UV pulsed laser. Transmission electron microscope images showed that approximately spherical particles about 50 nm in diameter were formed in the ablation process. All diffraction peaks corresponding to the bulk material were present in the nanoparticles. In addition to these peaks several new peaks were observed in the nanoparticles, which were attributed to nickel oxide

ZrW2O8W_2O_8 and HfW2O8W_2O_8: band gap shifts under pressure

High-pressure optical absorption measurements are carried out on zirconium tungstate and hafnium tungstate (ZrW2O8 and HfW2O8) up to 59 and 47 GPa, respectively, at room temperature. We observe a striking color changes in both tungstates with the application of pressure. Initially, yellowish ZrW2O8 becomes red around 28 GPa and opaque above 55 GPa and the initially transparent HfW2O8 becomes red at 38 GPa. Using both a linear extrapolation of the transmission and the Tauc model, the high-energy region of the absorption edge is fit to determine the pressure dependencies of the band gaps. Based on a linear extrapolation of the data, we estimate the metallization pressures of ZrW2O8 and HfW2O8 to be approximately 165 and 176 GPa, respectively

Pressure-induced phase transitions in alpha-ZrMo2O8

We report high-pressure Raman, infrared (IR), and optical-absorption spectra of alpha-ZrMo2O8 (trigonal) up to 38 GPa at room temperature. The spectroscopic studies are consistent with diffraction results that show that alpha-ZrMo2O8 transforms into delta-ZrMo2O8 (monoclinic) at about 1 GPa and the delta phase converts to the epsilon phase (trielinic) at about 2.0 GPa. Optical-absorption measurements give an estimate of the band gap of about 0.6 eV at the lowest pressure. Band-gap changes with pressure are confirmed with visual observations. ZrMo2O8 changes from transparent at 5 GPa to yellow at 10 GPa, red at 18 GPa, and at about 30 GPa it becomes opaque

Pressure-induced phase transitions in alpha-ZrMo2O8

We report high-pressure Raman, infrared (IR), and optical-absorption spectra of alpha-ZrMo2O8 (trigonal) up to 38 GPa at room temperature. The spectroscopic studies are consistent with diffraction results that show that alpha-ZrMo2O8 transforms into delta-ZrMo2O8 (monoclinic) at about 1 GPa and the delta phase converts to the epsilon phase (trielinic) at about 2.0 GPa. Optical-absorption measurements give an estimate of the band gap of about 0.6 eV at the lowest pressure. Band-gap changes with pressure are confirmed with visual observations. ZrMo2O8 changes from transparent at 5 GPa to yellow at 10 GPa, red at 18 GPa, and at about 30 GPa it becomes opaque