Feed piglets early weaned and effects on subsequent performance to finished

Peruvian pig farming has been in recent times practicing weaning between 21 to 28 days of age, however, there is great interest in weaning piglets earlier to increase the number of piglets/pigs/year. The objective of this practice is to increase productivity in the intensive rearing of pigs, by reducing the interval between calvings/pigs/year. In this document, we will carry out an approach to alterations at the level of intestinal morphology, its effect on the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes as a consequence of weaning, as well as the implications that this entails at the level of voluntary consumption of food and on the performance of the piglets in the post-rearing stages. Given that the consumption of food maintains the structure of the villi and that the digestive enzymes are dependent on the substrate, consequently, the use of diets during the pre-weaning phase, as a supplement to breast milk, has minimized the morphological and physiological changes of the system digestive. Piglets that received preweaning feed had better growth rates in the period immediately after weaning. not only do they increase their weight at weaning which leads to better subsequent performance, but also, their performance is improved due to the increase in the development of their digestive system. In conclusion, piglets that manage to eat more food during the lactation and rearing stages, regardless of the forms of stimulation to achieve this goal, manage to achieve better weights on the market

Feed management of early weaned piglets

Weaning at an early age is the practice of greater stress in the pig production cycle and its effects are considered to be multifactorial, summing up behavioural, environmental, health, immunological and nutritional aspects. In relation to its immune defence, the piglet loses the beneficial actions conferred by milk and has altered its passive immunity and its flora, which until then is practically unharmed. From then on it becomes more susceptible to diseases (E. coli, Rotavirus, Salmonella, dysentery, Haemophilus etc.). In addition to this set of undesirable situations, the new nutritional challenge is established, when the young pig will receive a different food to the infant stage. As for nutritional care, the new post-weaning diet should be prepared to take into account the suckling phase of the piglet, when it suckled about 16 to 20 times a day. The post-weaning diet, therefore, must be prepared with ingredients that become compatible substrates to the physiological situations imposed by the management of anticipated weaning. Failure to observe these aspects and the use of incompatible food can compromise the growth of the pig. The reduction in age at weaning coincided with the maintenance of diets based on corn and soybean meal in piglets after weaning. A period that also emphasized the massive use of soy and its derivatives as alternatives to replace sow milk, a highly digestible and pro-infant food. This substitution suggested in several studies occurred, in large part, surrounded by mistakes, since soybeans predispose the piglet to physiological digestive problems, with negative implications for performance

Aplicación de los principios bioéticos en la práctica médica durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19

 The development of the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a health crisis in the world from which Ecuador has not been able to recover, the lack of organization, the poor distribution of health resources, have generated a breach of several bioethical principles during the medical practice, in this context the present research work aims to determine the application of bioethical principles in medical practice during the health emergency by COVID 19, through a documentary narrative bibliographic review of the last 5 years in databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, academic Google, Scielo, using Health Sciences descriptors such as: coronavirus disease, bioethical principles, bioethics, public health, humanization of care. The inclusion criteria were complete articles in English and Spanish between the years 2017-2022. The review of 30 articles that met the eligibility criteria was added. In the results we address bioethical principles, ethical dilemmas that are derived from fear and mental health; the lack of individual protection equipment; lack of resources and equipment and the doctor-patient relationship.El desarrollo de la pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado en el mundo una crisis sanitaria de la cual el Ecuador no ha podido recuperarse, la falta de organización, la mala distribución de los recursos sanitarios, han generado que se incumplan varios principios bioéticos durante la práctica médica, en este contexto, el presente trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivo determinar la aplicación de los principios bioéticos en la práctica médica durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID 19, mediante una revisión bibliográfica narrativa documental de los últimos 5 años en bases de datos como Pubmed, Elsevier, Google académico, Scielo, utilizando descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud como: enfermedad por coronavirus, principios bioéticos, bioética, salud pública, humanización de la atención. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos completos en el idioma inglés y español entre los años 2017-2022. Se incluyó la revisión de 30 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En los resultados se abordan principios bioéticos, dilemas éticos que vienen derivados del miedo y salud mental; la falta de equipos de protección individual; falta de recursos y la relación médico paciente

La Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia: conocimiento, percepción, eficacia y emociones asociadas

La Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia se estableció a partir del modelo de justicia transicional. Su función es servir como medida de reconocimiento de los hechos violentos durante el conflicto armado, que han dejado más de nueve millones de víctimas. En este marco, se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional (N=1166) con una muestra de 22 departamentos del país para evaluar el conocimiento, la aprobación y la efectividad percibida de los primeros años de la Comisión a partir de aspectos psicosociales: victimización, emociones colectivas, reconciliación, memoria colectiva. El 58% eran víctimas directas. Los resultados indican altos niveles de aprobación y de disposición a participar en las actividades de la Comisión, así como cierto escepticismo sobre su utilidad y una baja confianza en las disculpas oficiales de los grupos en conflicto. También se encuentra un alto índice de emociones positivas relacionadas con la comisión y una baja confianza en las instituciones gubernamentales. Lo encontrado en este estudio, coincide con experiencias previas de comisiones de la verdad en Latinoamérica, y abre el debate sobre las especificidades del contexto colombiano en la búsqueda de paz y las implicaciones del trabajo de la comisión en el proceso de reparación

Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.peerReviewe

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE

This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model

Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all ΑCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all ΑCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin22θ13 to current reactor experiments

Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters, and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for a wide range of possible values of δCP. DUNE is also uniquely sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays. DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and calorimeter