Reinigungsfähigkeit von Filtermedien mithilfe kontinuierlicher und pulsierender Strömung

Diese Arbeit widmet sich der Analyse der Reinigungsmechanismen von polymeren Filtermedien. Essentieller Bestandteil ist die Untersuchung verschiedener Webarten und Reinigungsverfahren (pulsierende und kontinuierliche Strömung) unter Berücksichtigung der Verunreinigungsart. Dabei steht die Erarbeitung von Kennzahlen und deren Abhängigkeiten im Vordergrund, mit deren Hilfe die Reinigung der jeweiligen Filtermedien vorhergesagt werden kann

Epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of universal vaccination with Bexsero(®) to reduce meningococcal group B disease in Germany.

Bexsero, a new vaccine against serogroup B meningococcal disease (MenB), was licensed in Europe in January 2013. In Germany, Bexsero is recommended for persons at increased risk of invasive meningococcal disease, but not for universal childhood vaccination. To support decision making we adapted the independently developed model for England to the German setting to predict the potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of universal vaccination with Bexsero(®) against MenB disease. We used both cohort and transmission dynamic mathematical models, the latter allowing for herd effects, to consider the impact of vaccination on individuals aged 0-99 years. Vaccination strategies included infant and adolescent vaccination, alone or in combination, and with one-off catch-up programmes. German specific data were used where possible from routine surveillance data and the literature. We assessed the impact of vaccination through cases averted and quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained and calculated costs per QALY gained. Assuming 65% vaccine uptake and 82% strain coverage, infant vaccination was estimated to prevent 15% (34) of MenB cases over the lifetime of one birth cohort. Including herd effects from vaccination increased the cases averted by infant vaccination to 22%, with an estimated 8461 infants requiring vaccination to prevent one case. In the short term the greatest health benefit is achieved through routine infant vaccination with large-scale catch-up, which could reduce cases by 24.9% after 5 years and 27.9% after 10 years. In the long term (20+ years) policies including routine adolescent vaccination are most favourable if herd effects are assumed. Under base case assumptions with a vaccine list price of €96.96 the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was >€500,000 per QALY for all considered strategies. Given the current very low incidence of MenB disease in Germany, universal vaccination with Bexsero(®) would prevent only a small absolute number of cases, at a high overall cost.This work was supported by the Robert Koch Institute. HC’s work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research [RDA/03/07/014 and PDF-2012-05-245]. This work is produced by the authors under the terms of these research training fellowships issued by the NIHR. HC is a member of the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at University of Bristol. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, The National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health. The NIHR had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.00

Decreased protein binding of moxifloxacin in patients with sepsis?

The mean (SD) unbound fraction of moxifloxacin in plasma from patients with severe sepsis or septic shock was determined by ultrafiltration to 85.5±3.0% (range 81.9 and 91.6%) indicating a decreased protein binding of moxifloxacin in this population compared with the value of 58–60% provided in the Summary of Product Characteristics. However, previous investigations neglected the influence of pH and temperature on the protein binding of moxifloxacin. Maintaining physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37°C) – as in the present study – the unbound fraction of moxifloxacin in plasma from healthy volunteers was 84%. In contrast, the unbound fraction of moxifloxacin was 77% at 4°C and 66–68% in unbuffered plasma or at pH 8.5 in fair agreement with previously published data. PK/PD parameters e.g. fAUC/MIC or ratios between interstitial fluid and free plasma concentrations, which were obtained assuming a protein binding rate of moxifloxacin of 40% or more, should be revised

The Confidence Database

Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at https://osf.io/s46pr/) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects

Reinigungsfähigkeit von Filtermedien mithilfe kontinuierlicher und pulsierender Strömung

This work deals with the analysis of the cleaning mechanism of polymer woven filter media. It reports parametric studies for the cleaning of filter media using continuous and pulsed flows for different kinds of impurities and filter geometries. There the focus is on the development of dimensionless operation numbers, which can be used to predict the cleaning result of the respective filter medium

Repeated determination of moxifloxacin concentrations in interstitial space fluid of muscle and subcutis in septic patients

Background: For an effective antimicrobial treatment, it is crucial that antibiotics reach sufficient concentrations in plasma and tissue. Currently no data exist regarding moxifloxacin plasma concentrations and exposure levels in tissue under septic conditions. Objectives: To determine the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in plasma and interstitial space fluid over a prolonged period. Patients and methods: Ten septic patients were treated with 400 mg of moxifloxacin once a day; on days 1, 3 and 5 of treatment plasma sampling and microdialysis in the subcutis and muscle of the upper thigh were performed to determine concentrations of moxifloxacin in different compartments. This trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS, register number DRKS00012985). Results: Mean unbound fraction of moxifloxacin in plasma was 85.5 +/- 3.4%. On day 1, C-max in subcutis and muscle was 2.8 +/- 1.8 and 2.5 +/- 1.3 mg/L, respectively, AUC was 24.8 +/- 15.1 and 21.3 +/- 10.5 mgh/L, respectively, and fAUC(0-24)/MIC was 100.9 +/- 62.9 and 86.5 +/- 38.3 h, respectively. C-max for unbound moxifloxacin in plasma was 3.5 +/- 0.9 mg/L, AUC was 23.5 +/- 7.5 mg.h/L and fAUC(0-24)/MIC was 91.6 +/- 24.8 h. Key pharmacokinetic parameters on days 3 and 5 showed no significant differences. Clearance was higher than in healthy adults, but tissue concentrations were comparable, most likely due to a lower protein binding. Conclusions: Surprisingly, the first dose already achieved exposure comparable to steady-state conditions. The approved daily dose of 400 mg was adequate in our patient population. Thus, it seems that in septic patients a loading dose on the first day of treatment with moxifloxacin is not required

Depression, Co-Morbidity and Integrated Care

The purpose of this white paper is to describe a new integrated, collaborative and transdiagnostic approach to the care provided to people living with both depression and a co-occurring mental and/or physical illness. This includes the promotion of improved consumer partnerships to increase consumer self-efficacy and to recommend actions to educate and support healthcare providers. This white paper outlines and addresses existing gaps in service for health consumers and identifies opportunities to build integrated models of care through collaboration between university and public and private health providers, informed by the lived experience of consumers. We highlight how Western Sydney University’s multi-disciplinary research can support and enable health services, communities and policy makers to address the diverse and complex needs of people living with both depression and another mental and/or physical illness in Western Sydney and beyond