3,927 research outputs found
Observing the onset of outflow collimation in a massive protostar
The current paradigm of star formation through accretion disks, and
magnetohydrodynamically driven gas ejections, predicts the development of
collimated outflows, rather than expansion without any preferential direction.
We present radio continuum observations of the massive protostar W75N(B)-VLA 2,
showing that it is a thermal, collimated ionized wind and that it has evolved
in 18 years from a compact source into an elongated one. This is consistent
with the evolution of the associated expanding water-vapor maser shell, which
changed from a nearly circular morphology, tracing an almost isotropic outflow,
to an elliptical one outlining collimated motions. We model this behavior in
terms of an episodic, short-lived, originally isotropic, ionized wind whose
morphology evolves as it moves within a toroidal density stratification.Comment: See also Supplementary Materials
(SupMat_carrasco-gonzalez_etal_astroph.pdf) within the source file
High-dimensional decoy-state quantum key distribution over 0.3 km of multicore telecommunication optical fibers
Multiplexing is a strategy to augment the transmission capacity of a
communication system. It consists of combining multiple signals over the same
data channel and it has been very successful in classical communications.
However, the use of enhanced channels has only reached limited practicality in
quantum communications (QC) as it requires the complex manipulation of quantum
systems of higher dimensions. Considerable effort is being made towards QC
using high-dimensional quantum systems encoded into the transverse momentum of
single photons but, so far, no approach has been proven to be fully compatible
with the existing telecommunication infrastructure. Here, we overcome such a
technological challenge and demonstrate a stable and secure high-dimensional
decoy-state quantum key distribution session over a 0.3 km long multicore
optical fiber. The high-dimensional quantum states are defined in terms of the
multiple core modes available for the photon transmission over the fiber, and
the decoy-state analysis demonstrates that our technique enables a positive
secret key generation rate up to 25 km of fiber propagation. Finally, we show
how our results build up towards a high-dimensional quantum network composed of
free-space and fiber based linksComment: Please see the complementary work arXiv:1610.01812 (2016
New Algebraic Quantum Many-body Problems
We develop a systematic procedure for constructing quantum many-body problems
whose spectrum can be partially or totally computed by purely algebraic means.
The exactly-solvable models include rational and hyperbolic potentials related
to root systems, in some cases with an additional external field. The
quasi-exactly solvable models can be considered as deformations of the previous
ones which share their algebraic character.Comment: LaTeX 2e with amstex package, 36 page
Development of Antibacterial Steel Surfaces Through Laser Texturing
[Abstract] The aim of the present study was to develop novel antibacterial touch surfaces through the laser texturing optimization of stainless steel. A wide range of laser fluence (2.11 J/cm2–5.64 J/cm2) and scanning interval (10 µm–30 μm) parameters were explored. The impact of surfaces with different patterns, wettability, and oxidation states on the antimicrobial behavior of Escherichia coli K-12 and biofilm hyper-producing Acinetobacter baumannii MAR002 was assessed. Modification of laser input enacted topographical changes with high scanning intervals leading to ordered surface patterns, while increasing the laser fluence to 5.64 J/cm2 created larger and less ordered plateaus and valleys. Texturing also drove a transition from a hydrophilic starting surface with a contact angle of 80.67° ± 3.35° to hydrophobic (138°–148°). Antimicrobial analysis and bioluminescence assays of E. coli, alongside biofilm forming test through A. baumannii MAR002 indicated the ability of laser texturing to produce effective bactericidal touch surfaces. No simple correlation was found between wettability and bacterial behavior, revealing that proliferation is dependent on roughness, oxidation, and wettability. For the conditions selected in this study, a laser fluence of 5.64 J/cm2 and a scanning interval of 10 µm showcased the lowest amount of recovered bacteria after 30 min.This research was supported by Project Nos. 592 p-01216A and IJCI-2016-29524 (awarded to A.P.G.), funded by the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and MINECO, respectively. This manuscript is part of Process Design to Prevent Prosthetic Infections (Grant No. EP/P02341X/1)Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica; 592 p-01216AReino Unido. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; EP/P02341X/
Dynamical properties of liquid Al near melting. An orbital-free molecular dynamics study
The static and dynamic structure of liquid Al is studied using the orbital
free ab-initio molecular dynamics method. Two thermodynamic states along the
coexistence line are considered, namely T = 943 K and 1323 K for which X-ray
and neutron scattering data are available. A new kinetic energy functional,
which fulfills a number of physically relevant conditions is employed, along
with a local first principles pseudopotential. In addition to a comparison with
experiment, we also compare our ab-initio results with those obtained from
conventional molecular dynamics simulations using effective interionic pair
potentials derived from second order pseudopotential perturbation theory.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, submitted to PR
Aperiodicity in one-way Markov cycles and repeat times of large earthquakes in faults
A common use of Markov Chains is the simulation of the seismic cycle in a
fault, i.e. as a renewal model for the repetition of its characteristic
earthquakes. This representation is consistent with Reid's elastic rebound
theory. Here it is proved that in {\it any} one-way Markov cycle, the
aperiodicity of the corresponding distribution of cycle lengths is always lower
than one. This fact concurs with observations of large earthquakes in faults
all over the world
Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421
We report on long-term multiwavelengthmonitoring of blazar Mrk 421 by the GLAST-AGILE
Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (GASP-WEBT) collaboration and
Steward Observatory, and by the Swift and Fermi satellites. We study the source behaviour in
the period 2007–2015, characterized by several extreme flares. The ratio between the optical,
X-ray and γ -ray fluxes is very variable. The γ -ray flux variations show a fair correlation with
the optical ones starting from 2012.We analyse spectropolarimetric data and find wavelengthdependence
of the polarization degree (P), which is compatible with the presence of the
host galaxy, and no wavelength dependence of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA).
Optical polarimetry shows a lack of simple correlation between P and flux and wide rotations of
the EVPA.We build broad-band spectral energy distributions with simultaneous near-infrared
and optical data from the GASP-WEBT and ultraviolet and X-ray data from the Swift satellite.
They show strong variability in both flux and X-ray spectral shape and suggest a shift of
the synchrotron peak up to a factor of ∼50 in frequency. The interpretation of the flux and
spectral variability is compatible with jet models including at least two emitting regions that
can change their orientation with respect to the line of sight.http://10.0.4.69/mnras/stx2185Accepted manuscrip
Somatostatin subtype-2 receptor-targeted metal-based anticancer complexes
Conjugates of a dicarba analogue of octreotide, a potent somatostatin agonist whose receptors are overexpressed on tumor cells, with [PtCl 2(dap)] (dap = 1-(carboxylic acid)-1,2-diaminoethane) (3), [(η 6-bip)Os(4-CO 2-pico)Cl] (bip = biphenyl, pico = picolinate) (4), [(η 6-p-cym)RuCl(dap)] + (p-cym = p-cymene) (5), and [(η 6-p-cym)RuCl(imidazole-CO 2H)(PPh 3)] + (6), were synthesized by using a solid-phase approach. Conjugates 3-5 readily underwent hydrolysis and DNA binding, whereas conjugate 6 was inert to ligand substitution. NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations showed that conjugate formation does not perturb the overall peptide structure. Only 6 exhibited antiproliferative activity in human tumor cells (IC 50 = 63 ± 2 μ in MCF-7 cells and IC 50 = 26 ± 3 μ in DU-145 cells) with active participation of somatostatin receptors in cellular uptake. Similar cytotoxic activity was found in a normal cell line (IC 50 = 45 ± 2.6 μ in CHO cells), which can be attributed to a similar level of expression of somatostatin subtype-2 receptor. These studies provide new insights into the effect of receptor-binding peptide conjugation on the activity of metal-based anticancer drugs, and demonstrate the potential of such hybrid compounds to target tumor cells specifically. © 2012 American Chemical Society
Spectroscopic and evolutionary analyses of the binary system AzV 14 outline paths toward the WR stage at low metallicity
The origin of the observed population of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in
low-metallicity (low-Z) galaxies, such as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), is
not yet understood. Standard, single-star evolutionary models predict that WR
stars should stem from very massive O-type star progenitors, but these are very
rare. On the other hand, binary evolutionary models predict that WR stars could
originate from primary stars in close binaries. We conduct an analysis of the
massive O star, AzV 14, to spectroscopically determine its fundamental and
stellar wind parameters, which are then used to investigate evolutionary paths
from the O-type to the WR stage with stellar evolutionary models. Multi-epoch
UV and optical spectra of AzV 14 are analyzed using the non-LTE stellar
atmosphere code PoWR. An optical TESS light curve was extracted and analyzed
using the PHOEBE code. The obtained parameters are put into an evolutionary
context, using the MESA code. AzV 14 is a close binary system consisting of two
similar main sequence stars with masses of 32 Msol. Both stars have weak
stellar winds with mass-loss rates of log = -7.7. Binary evolutionary
models can explain the empirically derived stellar and orbital parameters. The
model predicts that the primary will evolve into a WR star with T = 100 kK,
while the secondary, which will accrete significant amounts of mass during the
first mass transfer phase, will become a cooler WR star with T = 50 kK and are
predicted to have compared to other WR stars increased oxygen abundances. This
model prediction is supported by a spectroscopic analysis of a WR star in the
SMC. We hypothesize that the populations of WR stars in low-Z galaxies may have
bimodal temperature distributions. Hotter WR stars might originate from primary
stars, while cooler WR stars are the evolutionary descendants of the secondary
stars if they accreted a significant amount of mass.Comment: 21 pages (13 main body + 8 appendix), 16 figures, 9 table
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