Forward Diffracted Parametric X Radiation From a Thick Tungsten Single Crystal at 855 MeV Electron Energy

Features of forward diffracted Parametric X-Radiation (PXR) were investigated at experiments with the 855 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI employing a 410 micrometer thick tungsten single crystal. Virtual photons from the electron field are diffracted by the (10-1) plane at a Bragg angle of 3.977 degree. Forward emitted radiation was analyzed at an energy of 40 keV with the (111) lattice planes of a flat silicon single crystal in Bragg geometry. Clear peak structures were observed in an angular scan of the tungsten single crystal. The results were analyzed with a model which describes forward diffracted PXR under real experimental conditions. The experiments show that forward diffracted PXR may be employed to diagnose bending radii of lattice planes in large area single crystals

Design considerations for table-top, laser-based VUV and X-ray free electron lasers

A recent breakthrough in laser-plasma accelerators, based upon ultrashort high-intensity lasers, demonstrated the generation of quasi-monoenergetic GeV-electrons. With future Petawatt lasers ultra-high beam currents of ~100 kA in ~10 fs can be expected, allowing for drastic reduction in the undulator length of free-electron-lasers (FELs). We present a discussion of the key aspects of a table-top FEL design, including energy loss and chirps induced by space-charge and wakefields. These effects become important for an optimized table-top FEL operation. A first proof-of-principle VUV case is considered as well as a table-top X-ray-FEL which may open a brilliant light source also for new ways in clinical diagnostics.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Appl. Phys.

TRIGA-SPEC: A setup for mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy at the research reactor TRIGA Mainz

The research reactor TRIGA Mainz is an ideal facility to provide neutron-rich nuclides with production rates sufficiently large for mass spectrometric and laser spectroscopic studies. Within the TRIGA-SPEC project, a Penning trap as well as a beam line for collinear laser spectroscopy are being installed. Several new developments will ensure high sensitivity of the trap setup enabling mass measurements even on a single ion. Besides neutron-rich fission products produced in the reactor, also heavy nuclides such as 235-U or 252-Cf can be investigated for the first time with an off-line ion source. The data provided by the mass measurements will be of interest for astrophysical calculations on the rapid neutron-capture process as well as for tests of mass models in the heavy-mass region. The laser spectroscopic measurements will yield model-independent information on nuclear ground-state properties such as nuclear moments and charge radii of neutron-rich nuclei of refractory elements far from stability. This publication describes the experimental setup as well as its present status.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figure

Developments for resonance ionization laser spectroscopy of the heaviest elements at SHIP

The experimental determination of atomic levels and the first ionization potential of the heaviest elements (Z >= 100) is key to challenge theoretical predictions and to reveal changes in the atomic shell structure. These elements are only artificially produced in complete-fusion evaporation reactions at on-line facilities such as the GSI in Darmstadt at a rate of, at most, a few atoms per second. Hence, highly sensitive spectroscopic methods are required. Laser spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and valuable tools to investigate atomic properties. In combination with a buffer-gas filled stopping cell, the Radiation Detected Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RADRIS) technique provides the highest sensitivity for laser spectroscopy on the heaviest elements. The RADRIS setup, as well as the measurement procedure, have been optimized and characterized using the a-emitter 155Yb in on-line conditions, resulting in an overall efficiency well above 1%. This paves the way for a successful search of excited atomic levels in nobelium and heavier elements.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Developments for resonance ionization laser spectroscopy of the heaviest elements at SHIP journaltitle: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2016.06.001 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe

Precision Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Nobelium

One of the most important atomic properties governing an element’s chemical behavior is the energy required to remove its least-bound electron, referred to as the first ionization potential. For the heaviest elements, this fundamental quantity is strongly influenced by relativistic effects which lead to unique chemical properties. Laser spectroscopy on an atom-at-a-time scale was developed and applied to probe the optical spectrum of neutral nobelium near the ionization threshold. The first ionization potential of nobelium is determined here with a very high precision from the convergence of measured Rydberg series to be 6.626   21 ± 0.000   05     eV . This work provides a stringent benchmark for state-of-the-art many-body atomic modeling that considers relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects and paves the way for high-precision measurements of atomic properties of elements only available from heavy-ion accelerator facilities

X-ray emission from a crystal undulator—Experimental results at channeling of electrons

Experiments have been performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI to explore the radiation emission from a 4-period epitaxially grown strained layer Si1−xGex undulator with a period length λu = 9.9 μm. Electron energies of 270 and 855MeV have been chosen. In comparison with a flat silicon reference crystal, a broad excess yield around the theoretically expected photon energies of 0.069 and 0.637 MeV, respectively, has been observed for channeling at the undulating (110) planes. The results are discussed within the framework of the classical undulator theory

Race, colonial history and national identity: Resident Evil 5 as a Japanese game

Resident Evil 5 is a zombie game made by Capcom featuring a White American protagonist and set in Africa. This paper argues that approaching this as a Japanese game reveals aspects of a Japanese racial and colonial social imaginary that are missed if this context of production is ignored. In terms of race, the game presents hybrid racial subjectivities that can be related to Japanese perspectives of Blackness and Whiteness where these terms are two poles of difference and identity through which an essentialised Japanese identity is constructed in what Iwabuchi calls “strategic hybridism” (Iwabuchi, 2002). In terms of colonialism, the game echoes structures of Japanese colonialism through which Japanese colonialism is obliquely memorialised and a “normal” Japanese global subjectivity can be performed

Future aspects of X-ray emission from crystal undulators at channeling of positrons

In connection with ideas to produce undulator-like radiation in the hundreds of keV up to the MeV region by means of positron and electron channeling, there is renewed interest to study various channeling phenomena also experimentally. With electrons experiments have been performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI to explore channeling-radiation emission by a 4-period epitaxially grown strained layer Si1−xGex undulator with a period length of λu = 9.9 μm. Unfortunately, high-quality positron beams of sufficient intensity are not easily accessible. The only serious candidate in Europe seems to be the Beam Test Facility (BTF) at INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy. Some requirements to extent BTF in a facility which is also well suited for positron channeling-radiation experiments will be outlined