ArchiveSpark: Efficient Web Archive Access, Extraction and Derivation

Web archives are a valuable resource for researchers of various disciplines. However, to use them as a scholarly source, researchers require a tool that provides efficient access to Web archive data for extraction and derivation of smaller datasets. Besides efficient access we identify five other objectives based on practical researcher needs such as ease of use, extensibility and reusability. Towards these objectives we propose ArchiveSpark, a framework for efficient, distributed Web archive processing that builds a research corpus by working on existing and standardized data formats commonly held by Web archiving institutions. Performance optimizations in ArchiveSpark, facilitated by the use of a widely available metadata index, result in significant speed-ups of data processing. Our benchmarks show that ArchiveSpark is faster than alternative approaches without depending on any additional data stores while improving usability by seamlessly integrating queries and derivations with external tools.Comment: JCDL 2016, Newark, NJ, US

Metallicity effect and planet mass function in pebble-based planet formation models

One of the main scenarios of planet formation is the core accretion model where a massive core forms first and then accretes a gaseous envelope. This core forms by accreting solids, either planetesimals, or pebbles. A key constraint in this model is that the accretion of gas must proceed before the dissipation of the gas disc. Classical planetesimal accretion scenario predicts that the time needed to form a giant planets core is much longer than the time needed to dissipate the disc. This difficulty led to the development of another accretion scenario, in which cores grow by accretion of pebbles, which are much smaller and thus more easily accreted, leading to a more rapid formation. The aim of this paper is to compare our updated pebble-based planet formation model with observations, in particular the well studied metallicity effect. We adopt the Bitsch et al. 2015a disc model and the Bitsch et al. 2015b pebble model and use a population synthesis approach to compare the formed planets with observations. We find that keeping the same parameters as in Bitsch et al. 2015b leads to no planet growth due to a computation mistake in the pebble flux (Bitsch et al. 2017). Indeed a large fraction of the heavy elements should be put into pebbles (Zpeb/Ztot = 0.9) in order to form massive planets using this approach. The resulting mass functions show a huge amount of giants and a lack of Neptune mass planets, which are abundant according to observations. To overcome this issue we include the computation of the internal structure for the planetary atmosphere to our model. This leads to the formation of Neptune mass planets but no observable giants. Reducing the opacity of the planetary envelope finally matches observations better. We conclude that modeling the internal structure for the planetary atmosphere is necessary to reproduce observations.Comment: 13 pages, 22 figure

On Cheating and Whistle-Blowing

We study the role of whistle-blowing in the following inspection game. Two agents who compete for a valuable prize can either behave legally or illegally. After the competition, a controller investigates the agents' behavior. This control game has a unique equilibrium in mixed strategies. We then add a whistle-blowing stage, where the controller asks the loser to blow the whistle. This extended game has a unique perfect Bayesian equilibrium in which only a cheating loser accuses the winner of cheating and the controller tests the winner if and only if the winner is accused of cheating. Whistle-blowing reduces the frequencies of cheating, is less costly in terms of test frequencies, and leads to a strict Pareto-improvement if punishments for cheating are sufficiently large.Principal-two-Agents; Inspection Games; Asymmetric Information; Signalling

Does Culture Affect Unemployment? Evidence from the Röstigraben

This paper studies the role of culture in shaping unemployment outcomes. The empirical analysis is based on local comparisons across a language barrier in Switzerland. This Röstigraben separates cultural groups, but neither labor markets nor political jurisdictions. Local contrasts across the language border identify the role of culture for unemployment. Our findings indicate that differences in culture explain differences in unemployment duration on the order of 20%. Moreover, we find that horizontal transmission of culture is more important than vertical transmission of culture and that culture is about as important as strong changes to the benefit duration.culture, cultural transmission, unemployment duration, regional unemployment

Does Culture Affect Unemployment? Evidence from the Röstigraben

This paper studies the role of culture in shaping unemployment outcomes. The empirical analysis is based on local comparisons across a language barrier in Switzerland. This Röstigraben separates cultural groups, but neither labor markets nor political jurisdictions. Local contrasts across the language border identify the role of culture for unemployment. Our findings indicate that differences in culture explain differences in unemployment duration on the order of 20 %. Moreover, we find that horizontal transmission of culture is more important than vertical transmission of culture and that culture is about as important as strong changes to the benefit duration.culture, cultural transmission, unemployment duration, regional unemployment

The Christian Body at Work

Ein Großteil der arbeitenden Bevölkerung weltweit gilt als christlich affiliiert, doch was bedeutet Christsein am Arbeitsplatz? Die Studie beleuchtet dazu Forschung aus Management- und Organisationswissenschaften und Theologie, präsentiert Feldforschung zu ManagerInnen in der Schweiz und entwickelt eine Verkörperungsperspektive. Der Autor benennt Schwierigkeiten der vorherrschenden Verwendung von Begriffen wie Glaube, Spiritualität oder Religion am Arbeitsplatz und plädiert dafür, Framing-Praktiken und die Körperhaftigkeit christlicher Existenz zu berücksichtigen. Indem ChristInnen in körperlicher Form an Christi Tod und Auferstehung teilhaben und so Christus verkörpern, finden sie sich an einer existentiellen Schaltstelle für die Gestaltung von Arbeitsaktivitäten. Die Studie zeigt, wie der Fokus auf „Christinnen und Christen“ einen Raum für relevante organisations- und managementbezogene, soziologische, ethische und theologische Aspekte zeitgenössischer Arbeitskontexte eröffnet. Abstract A large part of the global workforce is said to be Christians, but what does it mean to be a Christian at work? This study offers a review of relevant research from management and organisation studies as well as from theology; it reports on fieldwork among business managers in Switzerland and proposes an embodiment perspective on Christians at work. The author identifies difficulties relating to the predominant uses of terms such as faith, spirituality and religion at work, and argues for the importance of taking Christians’ framing practices and bodily forms of existence into account. By participating in a bodily form in Christ’s death and resurrection, and by thus practising Christ’s body, Christians find themselves located at an existential nerve centre for carrying out work activities. This study shows how the notion of ‘Christians’ can open up conceptual space for relevant organisational, managerial, sociological, ethical and theological aspects concerning contemporary work settings

Web as data. Challenges and triumphs of creating and working with a derived web corpus

Ditte Laursen: Web as data. Challenges and triumphs of creating and working with a derived web corpus, Aarhus Conference 2022, Monday 17 Octobe

When the present web is later the past: web historiography, digital history and internet studies

"Taking as point of departure that since the mid-1990s the web has been an essential medium within society as well as in academia this article addresses some fundamental questions related to web historiography, that is the writing of the history of the web. After a brief identification of some limitations within digital history and Internet studies vis-a-vis web historiography it is argued that the web is in itself an important historical source, and that special attention must be drawn to the web in web archives - termed reborn-digital material - since these sources will probably be the only web left for future historians. In line with this argument the remainder of the article discusses the following methodological issues: What characterizes the reborn-digital material in web archives, and how does this affect the historian's use of the material as well as the possible application of digital analytical tools on this kind of material?" (author's abstract