Role of the plasma-electrode bias and the transverse magnetic field upon H- ion extraction in the negative ion source

Non peer reviewedPublisher PD

We\u27re Studying You : Dilemmas in, and Approaches to Social Studies Curriculum About Other Cultures

Studies of other cultures are a major part of many elementary school programs. This paper applies some of the recent thinking in anthropology to my own praxis as a teacher. From this standpoint, I ask a number of questions about the theory and practice of studying groups of people. How are representations of people created and framed for children? How do children read and interpret these representations? What are different ways that social studies materials construct versions of people? What kind of representations do I want to use in my teaching and how do I want to use them? I attempt to provide a theoretical rationale for social studies curriculum that includes source material in which the subjects of study represent themselves, and/or those in which the subjectivity of the author is made clear. I attempt to provide a theoretical rationale for teaching practices that include a frequent reflection on the part of the students on their own culture and cultural standpoint, and ask them to consider the subjectivity of source materials

Code Blue on Orbit: Treating Cardiac Arrest on the ISS

As a result of the Columbia tragedy on February 1,2003, the International Space Station (ISS) crew size has been temporarily reduced from three to two. This change forces adaptations in many operational procedures used by the crew, including medical protocols which were designed for scenarios involving one casualty and two caregivers. The Office of Space Medicine directed that the procedure for the resuscitation of a crewmember in cardiac arrest be rewritten for use by a single care provider. Methods: Adaptation of this procedure made use of current American Heart Association Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) procedures and reflects necessary compromises between the realities of the operational environment and prompt provision of medical care. Results: Numerous changes were incorporated due to the diminution in available personnel, including substitution of endotracheal rather than intravenous delivery of drugs, more rapid defibrillation, addition of a precordial thump, removal of transcutaneous pacing, streamlining of procedural steps, and clarification of termination criteria. Discussion: The on-orbit care available to the ISS crewmembers is constrained by numerous factors, including crew medical training, minimal medical assets, limited air/ground communication , and a single caregiver for the foreseeable future. All of these combine to make a successful resuscitation unlikely, however, this procedure must ultimately deal with not only the patient's welfare, but also that of the caregiver, the mission, and the program