AlcAd-PsychScience

Contains data reported in Bartholow, Loersch, Ito, Volpert-Esmond, Levsen, Fleming, Bolls, & Carter (in press). University-affiliated alcohol marketing enhances the incentive salience of alcohol cues. Psychological Science

Racial discrimination and mental health : temporal dynamics and neurocognitive moderators

Experiencing racial discrimination is related to both mental and physical health (Mays et al., 2007; Pascoe and Richman, 2009; Schmitt et al., 2014). However, much of this research focuses on population-level relationships using cross-sectional samples and questionnaires, which is unable to examine temporal relationships between the experience of racial discrimination and mental health outcomes. The current study examined the effect of racial discrimination experience by Black college students at the University of Missouri using Ecological Momentary Assessment. A complex temporal relationship between reported discrimination and affect, depression, and anxiety emerged, such that reports of discrimination had an immediate negative effect, resulting in higher levels of negative affect, depression, and anxiety. However, this negative effect did not persist and instead resulted in an increase in positive affect several hours after the report. Additionally, neurocognitive indices of attention to threat neither corresponded as expected to frequency of reports of discrimination, nor moderated the effect of discrimination as expected.Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-75)

sj-docx-1-gpi-10.1177_13684302221131029 – Supplemental material for Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-gpi-10.1177_13684302221131029 for Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach by Hannah I. Volpert-Esmond, Antoinette M. Landor and Bruce D. Bartholow in Group Processes & Intergroup Relations</p

Drug Use Homophily in Adolescent Offenders\u27 Close Friendship Groups

Adolescents who befriend drug using peers may be at risk for initiated and continued substance use. The present secondary data analysis examined how drug use homophily (i.e., similarity) in justice-involved boys\u27 friendship groups relates to their subsequent substance use variety across a period of five years. Participants were 1216 first-time adolescent offenders (M = 15.29; 100% male). Multilevel model analyses revealed that, among participants who entered the study with a history of substance use, drug use homophily was associated with greater subsequent substance use variety. Among participants who entered the study without a history of substance use, this association was no longer significant. The findings have implications for guiding justice system programming aimed at decreasing adolescent offenders\u27 substance use

Moderators of the internal consistency of error‐related negativity scores: A meta‐analysis of internal consistency estimates

To ensure adequate reliability (i.e., internal consistency), it is common in studies using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to exclude participants for having too few trials. This practice is particularly relevant for error-related ERPs, such as error-related negativity (ERN), where the number of recorded ERN trials is not entirely under the researcher\u27s control. Furthermore, there is a widespread practice of inferring reliability based on published psychometric research, which assumes that internal consistency is a universal property of ERN. The present, preregistered reliability generalization study examined whether there is heterogeneity in internal consistency estimates of ERN scores and whether contextual factors moderate reliability. A total of 189 internal consistency estimates from 68 samples nested within 43 studies (n = 4,499 total participants) were analyzed. There was substantial heterogeneity in ERN score internal consistency, which was partially moderated by the type of paradigm (e.g., Stroop, flanker), the clinical status of the sample, the ocular artifact correction procedure, measurement sensors (single versus cluster), and the approach to scoring and estimating reliability, suggesting that contextual factors impact internal consistency at the individual study level. Age, sex, year of publication, artifact rejection procedure, acquisition system, sample type (undergraduate versus community), and length of mean amplitude window did not significantly moderate reliability. Notably, the overall estimated reliability of ERN scores was below established standards. Recommendations for improving ERN score reliability are provided, but the routine failure of most ERN studies to report internal consistency represents a substantial barrier to understanding the factors that impact reliability