Almacén agrícola en Miranda de Arga

El presente proyecto tiene como objeto el diseño y el cálculo de una nave agrícola destinada al almacenamiento de maquinaria agrícola así como diferentes productos agrícolas de manera puntual (semillas, cebada, etc). Al mismo tiempo, se aportará la documentación necesaria de índole técnica y económica, que en el caso de una hipotética ejecución, permita el desarrollo de ésta, de manera correcta cumpliendo siempre tanto la normativa oficial como las ordenanzas específicas de construcción existentes en la población. Para el dimensionado de los materiales de la nave utilizaremos el programa informático CYPE.Ingeniería IndustrialIndustria Ingeniaritz

Effect of Stoniness on the Hydraulic Properties of a Soil from an Evaporation Experiment Using the Wind and Inverse Estimation Methods

Stony soils are distributed all over the world. The study of their characteristics has gained importance lately due to their increasing use as agricultural soils. The effect that rock fragments exert on the soil hydraulic properties is difficult to measure in situ, and is usually derived from the fine earth properties. However, the corrections used so far do not seem accurate for all types of stony soils. Our objective was to assess the adequacy of estimating the hydraulic properties of a stony soil from the fine earth ones by correcting the latter by the volume occupied by rock fragments. To do that, we first assessed the validity of different approaches for estimating the hydraulic properties of a stone-free and a stony (40% rock fragments) cylinder prepared with samples from the same silt loam soil. The functions relating to the soil hydraulic properties (θ-h, K-h-θ) were estimated by the Wind method and by inverse estimation, using data from an evaporation experiment where the soil water content and pressure head were measured at different soil depths over time. Results from the evaporation experiment were compared to those obtained by applying the equation that corrects fine earth properties by the rock fragments volume. Wind and the Inverse Estimation methods were successfully applied to estimate soil water content and hydraulic conductivity from the stony soil experiment, except for some uncertainties caused by the limited range of suction in which the experiment was conducted. The application of an equation for adjusting the soil water content at different pressure heads (allowing for defining the soil water retention curve, SWRC), and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) directly from the stone content was not satisfactory. K values obtained from the measured data were higher than those inferred by the correcting equation in the wet range, but decreased much faster with a decreasing pressure head. The use of this equation did therefore not take into account the effect that the creation of lacunar pores by the presence of rock fragments likely exerts on water flow processes. The use of such correction needs therefore to be revised and new approaches are needed for estimating the hydraulic conductivity in stony soils. In relation to SWRC, a new equation to calculate the water content of a stony soil accounting for the influence of possible lacunar pores is proposed

Soil Degradation and Soil Quality in Western Europe: Current situation and future perspectives

Abstract: The extension and causes of soil chemical, physical and biological degradation, and of soil loss, varies greatly in different countries in Western Europe. The objective of this work was to review these issues, the strategies for soil protection, and the future perspectives for soil quality evaluation, under the light of present legislation for soil protection. Agriculture and forestry are responsible for many of them, especially for physical degradation, erosion and organic matter loss. Land take and soil sealing have increased in the last decades and can enhance these problems. In agricultural land, conservation farming, organic farming and other soil-friendly practices have been seen to have site-specific effects, depending on the characteristics of soils and the particularities of land uses and land users. No single soil management strategy suitable for all regions, soil types and soil uses exists. Except for soil contamination, specific legislation for soil protection is lacking in the region. The development of a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection in the European Union has produced valuable information and the development of networks and databases. However, soil degradation is addressed only indirectly in environmental policies, and through the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, which encourages farming practices supporting soil conservation. Despite these efforts, there is still a need for soil monitoring networks and decision-support systems based in soil quality optimization in the region. The pressure to European soils will continue in the future, and a clear regulatory framework is needed.JRC.H.5-Land Resources Managemen

Casting Activity of Scherotheca gigas

The behaviour of earthworms, their role in organic matter incorporation into the soil, and the influence of aridity in such processes in arid and semiarid regions have scarcely been studied. In this study, physico-chemical analyses of the casts and the surrounding no-till agricultural soils of three experimental sites representing an aridity gradient in Navarre (NW Spain) were done. The casts were formed by the activity of the only anecic species, Scherotheca gigas (Dugès, 1828), ubiquitous in no-till soils in this region. We observed a significant depletion of clay and higher concentration of total organic C and labile C in the form of particulate organic matter (POM) in the casts as compared to the surrounding soil, suggesting selective ingestion of soil by S. gigas. This, together with the observation of increased concentration in POM with increasing aridity, suggests a major role of this species in the observed progressive gains of organic C stocks in no-till soils in the region

Casting Activity of Scherotheca gigas in No-Till Mediterranean Soils: Role in Organic Matter Incorporation and Influence of Aridity

The behaviour of earthworms, their role in organic matter incorporation into the soil, and the influence of aridity in such processes in arid and semiarid regions have scarcely been studied. In this study, physico-chemical analyses of the casts and the surrounding no-till agricultural soils of three experimental sites representing an aridity gradient in Navarre (NW Spain) were done. The casts were formed by the activity of the only anecic species, Scherotheca gigas (Dugès, 1828), ubiquitous in no-till soils in this region. We observed a significant depletion of clay and higher concentration of total organic C and labile C in the form of particulate organic matter (POM) in the casts as compared to the surrounding soil, suggesting selective ingestion of soil by S. gigas. This, together with the observation of increased concentration in POM with increasing aridity, suggests a major role of this species in the observed progressive gains of organic C stocks in no-till soils in the region

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

B-decays: Anomalies and Challenges

Several tensions between SM predictions and data in b → s transitions persist since the LHCb measurements of the B → K⋆μμ angular distribution in 2013. There has been plenty of debate about the role of hadronic uncertainties and around ∼ 200 papers trying to explain such tensions with NP, both model-independently and within NP models. To this set of tensions one must add the hint for lepton-flavor non-universality in RK, which is surprisingly compatible with the previous tensions if one assumes NP couples only to muons. This cannot be explained with hadronic effects. One might then speculate that the same new physics is responsible for the long standing tensions in the b → clν observables R(D(⋆)), due to the SU(2)L invariance of the underlying dynamics if the new physics scale is above the EW scale. Lepton-flavor universality also suggests a possible correlation to lepton-flavor violation. All this is model- dependent, but if these tensions are confirmed, the panorama is bright. Such large new physics effects also suggests that one should start paying attention to operator-mixing effects, since there are, on the other hand, extremely tight constraints on flavor-non-universality from tau decays. Correlations to collider observables are also very relevant

Abastecimiento y saneamiento de Miranda de Arga

En este proyecto se va a realizar un estudio del abastecimiento y del saneamiento de agua en Miranda de Arga. En cuanto al abastecimiento, el estudio se centrará en las mallas y en los ramales principales. Para el abastecimiento será necesario cumplir la Orden Foral de 1996 en cuanto a diámetros y materiales de las tuberías, caudal y velocidad del agua y presiones máximas y mínimas en los nudos. El estudio del abastecimiento se realizará con el programa informático “EPANET”. El estudio del saneamiento del agua se hará en dos partes, ya que se trata de una red separativa (redes de fecales y pluviales independientes). Ambas redes serán ramificadas. Por un lado, se estudiará el saneamiento de las aguas fecales que serán conducidas hasta el EDAR, que se encuentra en la parte baja del pueblo para que el agua llegue sin problemas. Por otro lado, se estudiará el saneamiento de las aguas pluviales, donde las que provengan de la zona alta del pueblo se verterán a la regata (conocida en el pueblo como “El riego”) y las provenientes de la zona baja serán vertidas directamente al río. Para el saneamiento también será necesario cumplir la Orden Foral de 1996 en cuanto a diámetros, materiales y pendientes de las tuberías y velocidad y caudal del agua. El estudio del saneamiento se realizará con el programa informático “CYPE”.Ingeniería Técnica IndustrialIndustria Ingeniaritza Tekniko

Charmless Non-Leptonic Multi-Body B decays

We review the theoretical and phenomenological status of two- and three-body charmless non- leptonic B decays, with an emphasis on factorization approaches