Jaume Vicens Vives: vida i obra geogràfica i geopolítica

Article que resumeix la vida i obra de Jaume Vicens Vives. Es para atenció, sobretot, en la educació que va rebre, en les seves idees científiques i pensament geogràfic així com en la seva influència i difusió d’idee

Neural Spherical Harmonics for structurally coherent continuous representation of diffusion MRI signal

We present a novel way to model diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) datasets, that benefits from the structural coherence of the human brain while only using data from a single subject. Current methods model the dMRI signal in individual voxels, disregarding the intervoxel coherence that is present. We use a neural network to parameterize a spherical harmonics series (NeSH) to represent the dMRI signal of a single subject from the Human Connectome Project dataset, continuous in both the angular and spatial domain. The reconstructed dMRI signal using this method shows a more structurally coherent representation of the data. Noise in gradient images is removed and the fiber orientation distribution functions show a smooth change in direction along a fiber tract. We showcase how the reconstruction can be used to calculate mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and total apparent fiber density. These results can be achieved with a single model architecture, tuning only one hyperparameter. In this paper we also demonstrate how upsampling in both the angular and spatial domain yields reconstructions that are on par or better than existing methods.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for cdMRI workshop at MICCAI 202

ESTUDIAR Y COMPETIR EN LAS SOCIEDADES ACELERADAS: ¿UNA CARRERA A TUMBA ABIERTA?

Siguiendo un ritmo de vida que apenas permite el descanso y la reflexión, el colectivo de estudiantes-deportistas de élite trata de equilibrar las cada vez más exigentes demandas del deporte de alta competición, los estudios y las relaciones sociales. Partiendo del trabajo realizado por Hartmut Rosa, este ensayo teórico se propone reflexionar sobre la configuración temporal de las sociedades “desarrolladas” y su efecto sobre el deporte y la educación. Por otro lado, se plantea una discusión sobre algunas repercusiones que, a partir de dicho régimen temporal, pueden afectar al colectivo de estudiantes-deportistas. El artículo finaliza animando al desarrollo de investigaciones que profundicen sobre la influencia de las sociedades aceleradas sobre el deporte de élite y la educación, y señala una serie de propuestas para la acción que, alineadas con investigaciones anteriores, pueden desarrollarse a nivel individual, psicosocial y político-cultural

Phenotypic diversity and distinctiveness of the Belltall garlic landrace

Among the Mediterranean horticultural landraces, garlic is one of the crops most threatened by genetic erosion. Due to its sexual sterility and to the incidence of seed-borne diseases, historical varieties have been widely replaced by commercial cultivars. In Catalonia, despite the historical relevance of the crop, solely the Belltall garlic landrace is cultivated for commercial purposes. To assess the genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the Belltall garlic, we evaluated sixteen local accessions and five recognized traditional and modern varieties as controls. Genetic analysis with SSR and InDel markers showed low genetic diversity within the Belltall population, grouping modern and traditional varieties separately. Farmers and consumers were involved in the definition of the landrace ideotype and classified the materials by means of projective mapping. Scant phenotypic diversity was found within the Belltall landrace, which is characterized by its color profile and the small size of bulb and cloves. The Belltall landrace grown outside its area of origin lost the distinctive quality signals that differentiate the landrace from the commercial cultivars (clove appearance), indicating that the high quality of the landrace is under genotype-by-environment effects (i.e. local adaptation). Moreover, the size of the Belltall sowing clove had a strong effect on the harvested bulb size. Our research represents a case study for the description of the variability within garlic landraces and an approach to quantify the phenomenon of local adaptation that currently drives their conservation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phenotypic diversity and distinctiveness of the Belltall garlic landrace

Among the Mediterranean horticultural landraces, garlic is one of the crops most threatened by genetic erosion. Due to its sexual sterility and to the incidence of seed-borne diseases, historical varieties have been widely replaced by commercial cultivars. In Catalonia, despite the historical relevance of the crop, solely the Belltall garlic landrace is cultivated for commercial purposes. To assess the genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the Belltall garlic, we evaluated sixteen local accessions and five recognized traditional and modern varieties as controls. Genetic analysis with SSR and InDel markers showed low genetic diversity within the Belltall population, grouping modern and traditional varieties separately. Farmers and consumers were involved in the definition of the landrace ideotype and classified the materials by means of projective mapping. Scant phenotypic diversity was found within the Belltall landrace, which is characterized by its color profile and the small size of bulb and cloves. The Belltall landrace grown outside its area of origin lost the distinctive quality signals that differentiate the landrace from the commercial cultivars (clove appearance), indicating that the high quality of the landrace is under genotype-by-environment effects (i.e. local adaptation). Moreover, the size of the Belltall sowing clove had a strong effect on the harvested bulb size. Our research represents a case study for the description of the variability within garlic landraces and an approach to quantify the phenomenon of local adaptation that currently drives their conservation.This research was supported by the Ajuntament de Passanant i Belltall, the Diputació de Tarragona, the Catalan Government through the Pla de la Biodiversitat Cultivada (grant ARP152/21/000010), and the grant ACCIÓ -Eurecat (Project PRIV2020-PLANTOMICS)Postprint (published version

MODELAGEM LINEAR GENERALIZADA PARA DESCREVER O INCREMENTO EM ÁREA TRANSVERSAL DE ÁRVORES INDIVIDUAIS DE IMBUIA

Modelos de crescimento em nível de árvores individuais são aplicados para a quantificação e descrição dos fatores que afetam o ritmo de crescimento das árvores. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou aplicar a abordagem de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (MLG) para descrever o incremento periódico anual em área transversal de árvores individuais de Ocotea porosa (Nees) Barroso em floresta natural mista e inequiânea a partir de medições de variáveis dendrométricas e morfométricas e de índices de competição. Na modelagem, avaliaram-se três tipos de distribuições aleatórias contínuas para a variável resposta: Normal, Gamma e Gaussiana Inversa; com diferentes funções de ligação: identidade (μ), logarítmica (ln μ) e de potência (μλ). O MLG com distribuição Gamma e função de ligação logarítmica apresentou as melhores estimativas, sendo o crescimento da espécie expresso pelo diâmetro, altura total, diâmetro de copa, relação h/d e pelo índice de competição de Lorimer. Essa metodologia permitiu predições não enviesadas, com maior acuracidade e realismo biológico na interpretação dos coeficientes de regressão, quando comparados aos métodos convencionais com transformação na variável dependente

News and literature review

Revisiones bibliográficas sobre los siguientes temas: ¿Es posible la transmisión alimentaria de la Covid-19? El caso de los alimentos congelados (por Rafael J. García-Villanova). Evaluación de la exposición de los consumidores a los desinfectantes químicos utilizados contra la enfermedad del coronavirus (covid-19) y riesgos para la salud asociados (por Mª Luisa González Márquez). Papel de viejos conocidos contaminantes químicos en el cáncer de mama y en su resistencia a la quimioterapia (por Rafael J. García-Villanova). Los rodenticidas antagonistas de la vitamina k presentan una actividad teratogénica diferente (por Mª Luisa González Márquez). Brotes por norovirus en ambientes e instituciones cerradas y semicerradas (por Anna Isabel Belver Comín). Compostos orgânicos voláteis e episódios de sibilância nos bebés da zona sul de lisboa (por Raquel Rodrigues dos Santos). Estudio de asociación epigenómico de biomarcadores de epimutación por metilación de ADN inducidos por plaguicidas (permetrina y deet) y enfermedades transgeneracionales específicas (por Mª Luisa González Márquez). First mediterranean assessment report on climate and environmental change (por Julio Díaz Jiménez). What is health promotion and disease prevention knowledge gateway? (por Rafael J. García-Villanova). Guías para la restauración colectiva segura, sana o sostenible (por Rafael J. García-Villanova)S

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected