Evidence for diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis after three episodes of acute pancreatitis : a cross-sectional multicentre international study with experimental animal model

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an end-stage disease with no specific therapy; therefore, an early diagnosis is of crucial importance. In this study, data from 1315 and 318 patients were analysed from acute pancreatitis (AP) and CP registries, respectively. The population from the AP registry was divided into AP (n=983), recurrent AP (RAP, n=270) and CP (n=62) groups. The prevalence of CP in combination with AP, RAP2, RAP3, RAP4 and RAP5+was 0%, 1%, 16%, 50% and 47%, respectively, suggesting that three or more episodes of AP is a strong risk factor for CP. Laboratory, imaging and clinical biomarkers highlighted that patients with RAP3+do not show a significant difference between RAPs and CP. Data from CP registries showed 98% of patients had at least one AP and the average number of episodes was four. We mimicked the human RAPs in a mouse model and found that three or more episodes of AP cause early chronic-like morphological changes in the pancreas. We concluded that three or more attacks of AP with no morphological changes to the pancreas could be considered as early CP (ECP).The new diagnostic criteria for ECP allow the majority of CP patients to be diagnosed earlier. They can be used in hospitals with no additional costs in healthcare.Peer reviewe

Modulation of micro-rheological and hematological parameters in the presence of artificial carotid-jugular fistula in rats

Search term Clear input Advanced Help Result Filters Format: Abstract Send to Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2018 Jun 9. doi: 10.3233/CH-180411. [Epub ahead of print] Modulation of micro-rheological and hematological parameters in the presence of artificial carotid-jugular fistula in rats. Ghanem S1, Somogyi V1, Tanczos B1, Szabo B1, Deak A1, Nemeth N1. Author information Abstract BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) may affect erythrocytes through many pathways (e.g., mechanical, inflammatory). However, these effects haven't been elucidated completely yet. OBJECTIVE: To follow-up the hemorheological and the hematological changes in the presence of artificial carotid-jugular fistula in rats. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were subjected to sham-operated group (SG, n = 6) and to fistula group (FG, n = 10). Under general anesthesia, the right carotid artery and jugular vein were isolated via a neck incision, and in the FG carotid-jugular fistula was performed by microsurgical techniques Hematological variables, red blood cell (RBC) deformability and membrane (mechanical) stability parameters were determined before operation and on the 1st and 6th postoperative weeks. Density separated samples ('young' and 'old' RBCs) were also tested. RESULTS: In FG group hematocrit, RBC and platelet counts increased gradually to reach highly significant level of increment on the 6th postoperative week. RBC deformability significantly was impaired. The membrane stability test showed lower deformability values after applying mechanical shearing. No significant differences were observed between density separated RBC subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of arterio-venous fistula may lead to an increment of RBC mass and impairment of RBC deformability. These changes could be one of the pathways through which the fistula influences the microcirculation

Determining Sonication Effect on <i>E. coli</i> in Liquid Egg, Egg Yolk and Albumen and Inspecting Structural Property Changes by Near-Infrared Spectra

In this study, liquid egg, albumen, and egg yolk were artificially inoculated with E. coli. Ultrasound equipment (20/40 kHz, 180/300 W; 30/45/60 min) with a circulation cooling system was used to lower the colony forming units (CFU) of E. coli samples. Frequency, absorbed power, energy dose, and duration of sonication showed a significant impact on E. coli with 0.5 log CFU/mL in albumen, 0.7 log CFU/mL in yolk and 0.5 log CFU/mL decrease at 40 kHz and 6.9 W absorbed power level. Significant linear correlation (p E. coli. The results showed that sonication can be a useful tool as a supplementary method to reduce the number of microorganism in egg products. With near-infrared (NIR) spectra analysis we were able to detect the structural changes of the egg samples, due to ultrasonic treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that sonication can alter C–H, C–N, –OH and N–H bonds in egg. The aquagrams showed that sonication can alter the properties of H2O structure in egg products. The observed data showed that the absorbance of free water (1412 nm), water molecules with one (1440 nm), two (1462 nm), three (1472 nm) and four (1488 nm) hydrogen bonds, water solvation shell (1452 nm) and strongly bonded water (1512 nm) of the egg samples have been changed during ultrasonic treatment

Alterations of Selected Hemorheological and Metabolic Parameters Induced by Physical Activity in Untrained Men and Sportsmen

Optimal tissue oxygen supply is essential for proper athletic performance and endurance. It also depends on perfusion, so on hemorheological properties and microcirculation. Regular exercise is beneficial to the rheological status, depending on its type, intensity, and duration. We aimed to investigate macro and microrheological changes due to short, high-intensity exercise in professional athletes (soccer and ice hockey players) and untrained individuals. The exercise was performed on a treadmill ergometer during a spiroergometry examination. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to analyze lactate concentration, hematological parameters, blood and plasma viscosity, and red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation. Leukocyte, RBC and platelet counts, and blood viscosity increased with exercise, by the largest magnitude in the untrained group. RBC deformability slightly impaired after exercise, but showed better values in ice hockey versus soccer players. RBC aggregation increased with exercise, dominantly in ice hockey players. Lactate increased mostly in soccer players, and the respiratory exchange rate was the lowest in ice hockey players. Overall, short, high-intensity exercise altered macro and microrheological parameters, mostly in the untrained group. Significant differences were found between the two sports. The data can be useful in training status monitoring, selection, and in revealing the causes of physical loading symptoms

Hemorheological factors can be informative in comparing treatment possibilities of abdominal compartment syndrome

BACKGROUND: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening condition, of which pathomechanism hasn’t been completely clarified, yet. Furthermore, surgical therapy still needs optimization. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate microcirculatory and micro-rheological alterations in ACS, using various temporary abdominal closure methods, including three settings of vacuum-assisted closure technique (negative pressure wound therapy, NPWT). METHODS: On anesthetized pigs, by intraabdominally placed and filled-up silicone bags, intraabdominal pressure at 30 mmHg was maintained for 3 hours, and afterwards, decompressive laparotomy happened. In different experimental groups Bogota-bag or Vivano-sets were applied (–50, –100, –150 mmHg) for 2 hours. Pressure monitoring was done by implanted sensors, hemorheological parameters were determined, and laser Doppler flowmetry tests were performed on the surface of intraabdominal organs. RESULTS: Treatment with Bogota-bag and –150 mmHg vacuum increased erythrocyte aggregation, while deformability declined. Blood viscosity increased after treatment with –150 mmHg vacuum. The microcirculatory parameters of the NPWT groups were better in case of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS: ACS resulted in impairment of macro- and micro-rheological parameters and abdominal organs’ microcirculation. All of the used techniques improved the results, however, applying Bogota-bag or –150 mmHg vacuum set showed worse microcirculatory and micro-rheological data than the settings at –100 or –50 mmHg